Christiane pit
| Christiane pit | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| General information about the mine | |||
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| Funding / total | 1.72 million tons of iron ore | ||
| Information about the mining company | |||
| Employees | 340 | ||
| End of operation | 1963 | ||
| Funded raw materials | |||
| Degradation of | Iron ore | ||
| Geographical location | |||
| Coordinates | 51 ° 22 '26.3 " N , 8 ° 47' 59.2" E | ||
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| local community | Diemelsee | ||
| District ( NUTS3 ) | Waldeck-Frankenberg | ||
| country | State of Hesse | ||
| Country | Germany | ||
The Christiane mine is a mine that produced iron ore . It is partly also known as the Martenberg mine, was an iron ore mine in the Adorf iron ore district and is now a visitor mine in the Diemelsee municipality . Christiane was a composite mine , consolidated from the mines Martenberg ( location ), Eckefeld ( location ), Ferdinand ( location ) and Hubertus ( location ).
Geology and genesis of the iron ore deposit
The iron ores from the Christiane pit are bound to volcanic rocks from the Middle to Upper Devonian on the main saddle of the East Sauerland . In the Middle and Upper Devonian, numerous submarine volcanoes formed in the area of the Rhenohercynic . The iron ore deposits were created by multi-phase, submarine exhalations and subsequent diagenetic remodeling of the basic volcanic rocks. The ore mining in the mine was mostly tied to an average of 5–8 m thick , sometimes almost seiger ore deposits which - depending on the type of ore - contained 20–60% iron. The mineralogical composition of the ores is strongly dependent on the submarine relief. While carbonate iron ores are mostly to be found in deeper sea areas at the foot of the volcanic threshold that are cut off by the fresh water supply, pebbly hematite ores are mostly found on the flanks of the volcanic structures. Subordinate occurrences in the deposit are pyrite and magnetite ores . The iron ores from the Christiane pit are genetically classified as sedimentary-exhalative deposits (SEDEX) of the Lahn-Dill type.
prehistory
In the eastern Sauerland the beginnings of iron ore mining go back to Celtic times. The Adorf mining in Waldeck , later part of Hesse , was related to the mining in Marsberg - Giershagen on the other side of the border in the Duchy of Westphalia and later in the Prussian district of Brilon . The origins of ore mining go back to the Middle Ages. After a decline as a result of the Thirty Years' War , mining also experienced an upswing after the end of the war and especially in the 18th century thanks to the promotion of the Counts of Waldeck. Mining in this area then experienced considerable growth in the 19th century in connection with the high level of industrialization in Germany . He profited from the Ruhr area's demand for ores. Companies from the Ruhr area acquired mining rights and invested heavily. With the Rhene-Diemel-Bahn the ores were brought to Bredelar for transfer to the Prussian-Hessian state railway .
Even before the First World War, all mining in the region lost its importance for various reasons and most of the mines stopped mining. The Martenberg mine was the last mine in the region to be shut down in 1917.
New beginning
In connection with the self-sufficiency policy in the era of National Socialism took place in the 1930s in part to plans to resume operations. In the Adorf mining area, several historical mine fields were combined in 1936 and reopened under the name Christiane mine. First, deep boreholes were drilled for exploration. The total ore reserves were estimated at 2 million t. As a result, a modern underground engineering system was created. The Martenberg mine with processing and colliery was built above ground . About 2.6 km away, a second mine “Auf dem Webbel” was built. Both parts of the company were connected by a cable car to transport the ore to the Martenberg plant. Production began in 1938. Around 20 to 40 tons of ore were extracted daily. Since the Rhene-Diemel-Bahn had already ceased operations in the 1920s, the ore was brought to the state train station in Bredelar in heavy goods vehicles belonging to the Reichsbahn. Since 1939, the mine again had its own rail connection. After a brief interruption at the end of the Second World War , production was resumed in autumn 1945.
In 1952, an underground connection was established between the two pits. About 340 miners were employed there. These mined up to 12,000 tons of ore per month. In total, around 1.72 million t of ore had been mined by the time operations were closed. The highest flow rate was achieved in 1960 with 155,700 t.
These were calcareous aggregate ores with an iron content of 28 to 35% iron. The ores were smelted in Duisburg in the Mannesmann AG plant there, together with ores from Sweden and Brazil . The miners achieved a conveying capacity of 4 tons per man and shift. This remarkable achievement in this form of mining was related to the extensive mechanization underground. Thanks to the mechanization, the conveying capacity per miner could be increased by 300%.
Operations ceased in 1963. The reason for this was the decreasing ore reserves, but also the deterioration in the economic efficiency of Western European iron ore mining since the early 1960s. Because of inexpensive ores from Brazil or West Africa, mining was no longer worthwhile.
Mining museum and visitor mine
The mining tradition is maintained by miners' associations in the Adorfer and neighboring Giershagener Revier. The Knappenverein Adorf has been trying to maintain and make the facilities accessible since the 1970s. With the help of job creation measures, part of the Martenberg mine, the so-called horse tunnel, was opened as a visitor mine in 1986. A mining museum has been set up in the former processing plant.
Individual evidence
- ↑ H.-D. Nesbor, W. Buggisch, H. Flick, M. Horn, H.-J. Lippert: Volcanism in the Devonian of the Rhenohercynikum. Facial and palaeogeographical development of volcanic marine basins using the example of the Lahn-Dill area . Geol. Abh. Hessen, Vol. 98, Wiesbaden 1993, pp. 3-87
- ^ H. Bottke: The exhalative-sedimentary Devonian red iron stone deposits of the East Sauerland . Geol. Jb., Beih., Volume 63, Hannover 1965, 147 pp.
- ^ H. Bottke: Deposits . In: W. Paeckelmann (1936), with contributions by H. Bottke, G. Diederich, W. Fickel, B. Hölting, M. Horn, S. Plaumann, H.-J. Ulrich: Geological map of Hessen 1: 25 000, explanations on sheet 4619 Adorf , 2nd edition Wiesbaden 1979, pp. 56–75.
- ^ H. Bottke: The exhalative-sedimentary Devonian red iron stone deposits of the East Sauerland . Geol. Jb., Beih., Volume 63, Hannover 1965, 147 pp.
literature
- Geofoyer Adorf: " Adorf mining history" . ( Digitized online )
- Erhard Rettig: The history of mining in Adorf . Adorf, 2011
- 725 years of mining history in the Giershagen and Adorf area 1273 to 1998. 125 years of Miners' Association Glückauf Giershagen 1873. Marsberg, 1998
