100 of the World's Worst Invasive Alien Species
100 of the World's Worst Invasive Alien Species is a list published by the Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) of the IUCN with 100 invasive species considered to be particularly problematic . The list is an extract from the Global Invasive Species Database , which contains entries on numerous invasive neobiota (891 species. Status: February 3, 2015).
According to the definition, invasive neobiota are " alien species which have established themselves in natural or semi-natural habitats, which drive their change and threaten the natural biodiversity there " ( alien species which becomes established in natural or semi-natural ecosystems or habitat, is an agent of change, and threatens native biological diversity ). In this context, alien species (neobiota) are all species that have been introduced or established by humans in regions outside their natural range.
background
The list has been drawn up primarily for purposes of public relations ("to enhance awareness") and nature conservation policy. The editors themselves emphasize the difficulty in assessing how dangerous invasive species are. For example, some species cause great damage in a narrowly defined area, while other, more widespread species can have greater but less visible effects overall. The aim of the list is therefore to collect 100 species that are among those that have the greatest impact on biodiversity and human activities, highlighting various aspects of biological invasions. From genera with several invasive species, only one species was added to the list. It is also emphasized that the absence of a species on the list does not mean that it is less of a problem than the species listed. Despite these restrictions, the selection was occasionally used by scientists as a collection of particularly invasive neobiota. Such a use is the exception.
The list was first drawn up in 2000 and updated in 2004. After the rinderpest was eradicated , it was replaced in 2013 by the floating fern Salvinia molesta . Similar lists were later also drawn up by other bodies, suggested by the IUCN list. As part of the Streamlining European 2010 Biodiversity Indicators (SEBI 2010) process , the European Environment Agency has compiled a list of “100 of the worst” invasive species in the European Union. The main aim of this list is to raise awareness of the problem, so that emphasis was placed on a balanced proportion of vertebrates, invertebrates and plants from marine, limnic and terrestrial habitats. Another list of the “100 Worst Invasives” has been drawn up specifically for the marine fauna and flora of the Mediterranean.
list
Art | German name | source | origin | image |
---|---|---|---|---|
Acacia mearnsii | Blackwood acacia | [1] | Australia | |
Achatina fulica | Large agate snail | [2] | East Africa | |
Acridotheres tristis | Shepherd Maina | [3] | Central and South Asia | |
Aedes albopictus | Asian tiger mosquito | [4] | South East Asia | |
Anopheles quadrimaculatus | [5] | North America | ||
Anoplolepis gracilipes | Yellow spinner ant | [6] | Africa | |
Anoplophora glabripennis | Asian longhorn beetle | [7] | East asia | |
Aphanomyces astaci | Caused by the cancer plague | [8th] | North America | |
Ardisia elliptica | [9] | South East Asia | ||
Arundo donax | Pile pipe, Spanish pipe | [10] | Eurasia | |
Asterias amurensis | North Pacific starfish | [11] | far East | |
Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV) | Caused by the tuft top disease of the banana | [12] | ||
Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis | Chytrid mushroom | [13] | Africa | |
Bemisia tabaci | [14] | Asia | ||
Boiga irregularis | Brown night tree snake | [15] | Australasia | |
Bufo marinus = Rhinella marina | Aga toad | [16] | South America | |
Capra hircus | Domestic goat | [17] | Asia | |
Carcinus maenas | Common beach crab | [18] | Europe, North Africa | |
Caulerpa taxifolia | [19] | Central America, Southeast Asia, Australia | ||
Cecropia peltata | [20] | Central America | ||
Cercopagis pengoi | [21] | Southern Europe | ||
Cervus elaphus | Red deer | [22] | Eurasia | |
Chromolaena odorata | [23] | Latin America | ||
Cinara cupressi | [24] | Southern Europe | ||
Cinchona pubescens | Red cinchona tree | [25] | Latin America | |
Clarias batrachus | Frogfish | [26] | South East Asia | |
Clidemia hirta | [27] | South America | ||
Coptotermes formosanus | [28] | China | ||
Potamocorbula amurensis = Corbula amurensis | [29] | far East | ||
Cryphonectria parasitica | Chestnut Crab | [30] | Asia | |
Cyprinus carpio | carp | [31] | Europe | |
Dreissena polymorpha | Wandering mussel | [32] | Europe | |
Eichhornia crassipes | Thick-stemmed water hyacinth | [33] | South America | |
Eleutherodactylus coqui | [34] | South America | ||
Eriocheir sinensis | Chinese mitten crab | [35] | Asia | |
Euglandina rosea | Rosy Wolf Snail | [36] | North America: USA | |
Euphorbia esula | Donkey milkweed | [37] | Eurasia | |
Fallopia japonica = Polygonum cuspidatum | Japanese knotweed | [38] | East asia | |
Felis silvestris catus | Domestic cat | [39] | Africa | |
Gambusia affinis | Leprechaun fish, western mosquito fish | [40] | North America | |
Hedychium gardnerianum | Butterfly ginger | [41] | India | |
Herpestes javanicus | Little mongoose | [42] | Asia | |
Hiptage benghalensis | [43] | Asia | ||
Imperata cylindrica | Silver hair grass | [44] | Africa | |
Lantana camara | Convertible rose | [45] | Central America | |
Lates niloticus | Nile perch | [46] | West Africa | |
Leucaena leucocephala | Bald mimosa | [47] | Central America | |
Ligustrum robustum | [48] | Asia | ||
Line issue humile | Argentine ant | [49] | South America: Argentina | |
Lymantria dispar | Gypsy moth | [50] | Eurasia, North Africa | |
Lythrum salicaria | Common loosestrife | [51] | Eurasia | |
Macaca fascicularis | Crab macaque | [52] | South East Asia | |
Melaleuca quinquenervia | Myrtle heather | [53] | Australia | |
Miconia calvescens | [54] | Latin America | ||
Micropterus salmoides | Largemouth bass | [55] | North America | |
Mikania micrantha | [56] | Latin America | ||
Mimosa pigra | [57] | Latin America | ||
Mnemiopsis Leidyi | Sea walnut | [58] | Latin America | |
Mus musculus | House mouse | [59] | Asia | |
Mustela erminea | ermine | [60] | Eurasia, North America | |
Myocastor coypus | Nutria | [61] | South America | |
Myrica faya | Gagelbaum | [62] | Azores and Canaries | |
Mytilus galloprovincialis | Mediterranean mussel | [63] | Europe | |
Oncorhynchus mykiss | Rainbow trout | [64] | North America, western | |
Ophiostoma ulmi | Caused by Dutch elm disease | [65] | Asia | |
Opuntia stricta | [66] | Latin America | ||
Oreochromis mossambicus | Mozambique cichlid | [67] | Southern Africa | |
Oryctolagus cuniculus | Wild rabbit | [68] | Southern Europe | |
Pheidole megacephala | [69] | Southern Africa | ||
Phytophthora cinnamomi | Causes of root rot in azaleas | [70] | South East Asia | |
Pinus pinaster | Maritime Pine | [71] | Southern Europe | |
Plasmodium relictum | Caused by bird malaria | [72] | Samoa | |
Platydemus manokwari | [73] | New Guinea | ||
Pomacea canaliculata | Furrowed apple snail | [74] | South America | |
Prosopis glandulosa | Honey mesquite | [75] | North America: California | |
Psidium cattleianum | Strawberry Guava | [76] | South America: Brazil | |
Pueraria montana var. Lobata | Kudzu | [77] | East asia | |
Pycnonotus cafer | Russbülbül | [78] | Asia | |
Lithobates catesbeianus = Rana catesbeiana | North American bullfrog | [79] | North America (Eastern) | |
Rattus rattus | Black rat | [80] | India | |
Rinderpest virus | Rinderpestvirus ( eradicated since 2010 ) | [81] | ||
Rubus ellipticus | [82] | South asia | ||
Salmo trutta | Trout | [83] | Eurasia, North Africa | |
Salvinia molesta | [84] | South America: Brazil | ||
Schinus terebinthifolius | Brazilian pepper tree | [85] | South America | |
Sciurus carolinensis | Gray squirrel | [86] | North America (Eastern) | |
Solenopsis invicta | Red fire ant | [87] | South America | |
Spartina anglica | Salt silt grass | [88] | Europe: Great Britain | |
Spathodea campanulata | African tulip tree | [89] | West Africa | |
Sphagneticola trilobata | [90] | Central America | ||
Sturnus vulgaris | star | [91] | Eurasia, North Africa | |
Sus scrofa | wild boar | [92] | Eurasia | |
Tamarix pentandra = Tamarix ramosissima | [93] | Asia | ||
Trachemys scripta elegans | Red eared slider turtle | [94] | North America (Eastern) | |
Trichosurus vulpecula | Fox kusu | [95] | Australia | |
Trogoderma granarium | Khapra beetle | [96] | India | |
Ulex europaeus | Gorse | [97] | Europe (western) | |
Undaria pinnatifida | [98] | far East | ||
Vespula vulgaris | Common wasp | [99] | Eurasia, North America | |
Vulpes vulpes | Red fox | [100] | Eurasia, North Africa, North America | |
Wasmannia auropunctata | Little fire ant | [101] | Latin America |
Individual evidence
- ↑ S. Lowe, M. Browne, S. Boudjelas, M. De Poorter: 100 of the World's Worst Invasive Alien Species. A selection from the Global Invasive Species Database. Published by The Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) a specialist group of the Species Survival Commission (SSC) of the World Conservation Union (IUCN), 12pp. First published as special lift-out in Aliens 12, December 2000. Updated and reprinted version: November 2004. Electronic version available at: PDF
- ↑ Global Invasive Species Database Home
- ↑ About invasive species: Definitions
- ↑ John D. Parker, Mark E. Torchin, Ruth A. Hufbauer, Nathan P. Lemoine, Christina Alba, Dana M. Blumenthal, Oliver Bossdorf, James E. Byers, Alison M. Dunn, Robert W. Heckman, Martin Hejda, Vojtěch Jarošík, Andrew R. Kanarek, Lynn B. Martin, Sarah E. Perkins, Petr Pyšek, Kristina Schierenbeck, Carmen Schlöder, Rieks van Klinken, Kurt J. Vaughn, Wyatt Williams, and Lorne M. Wolfe (2013): Do invasive species perform better in their new ranges? Ecology 94 (5): 985-994.
- ^ Philip E. Hulme (2011): Addressing the threat to biodiversity from botanic gardens. Trends in Ecology and Evolution Vol. 26, No. 4: 168-174. doi : 10.1016 / j.tree.2011.01.005
- ↑ 100 of the World's Worst Invasive Alien Species
- ↑ 100 of The Worst. DAISIE Delivering Alien Invasive Species Inventories for Europe.
- ↑ European Environment Agency (editor): Invasive alien species indicators in Europe. A review of streamlining European biodiversity (SEBI) Indicator 10. EEA Technical report No 15 / 2012. download
- ↑ N. Streftaris & A. Zenetos: Alien Marine Species in the Mediterranean - the 100 'Worst invasive' and Their Impact. Mediterranean Marine Science Volume 7/1, 2006, 87-118.