12th millennium BC Chr.

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Overview prehistory
Holocene (➚ early history )
Iron age
  late bronze age  
  middle bronze age
  early bronze age
Bronze age
    Copper Age  
  Neolithic
Mesolithic
Pleistocene     Upper Paleolithic  
    Middle Paleolithic
    Early Paleolithic
  Old Stone Age
Stone age

The 12th millennium BC BC describes the period from 12,000 BC. Until 11000 BC Chr.

Little is known about this millennium. Cultural developments and geological events can only be roughly assigned to this millennium. The 12th millennium BC BC belongs to the geological age of the end of the Pleistocene and is at the end of the last ice age . In human history, the 12th millennium BC belongs to During the Stone Age , more precisely at the end of the Paleolithic or Paleolithic .

Cultures in the 12th millennium BC Chr.

It is the period of the Early Natufian , which was a culture of the Epipalaeolithic in the Levant . North Africa is populated by Ibéromaurusia and in Europe (among others) the Magdalenian culture , the Bromme culture and the penknife groups exist during this time . In addition, the beginning of the Sandia , Clovis and Goshen cultures on the North American continent falls in this millennium, which belong to the Paleo-Indian cultures . The Jomon culture originated in Japan .

Discoveries and cultural developments

  • The fire is used to produce ceramics . In Japan ceramics were found dating back to 12000 BC. Were dated. Recent studies estimate these finds from the Fukui caves near Nagasaki , but some thousands of years younger. These ceramics are called Jomon ceramics ( German: cord pattern ), as their characteristic pattern was created by imprints of cord or cord. The oldest pottery in the world is the Venus of Dolní Věstonice , found in the Czech Republic and was dated about 26,000 BC. Dated.
  • Man builds larger and more robust dwellings than his ancestors. Earlier dwellings consisted of wooden stakes hung with animal skins or mammoth bones ( see Meschyritsch (Kaniw) ).
  • The dog becomes a pet. In Magdalenian times, humans were the first to keep domesticated dogs.
  • Remnants of baked goods have been found in northwestern Jordan and are estimated to be over 14,000 years old. The bread found is therefore older than the first evidence of arable farming . This and other findings confirm that people at that time collected grains from sweet grasses and ground them into flour with tools.
  • Early humans are between 12,000 and 40,000 BC. BC via Siberia and the icy Behring Strait to Alaska . With the increasing melting of glaciers, people are advancing further south on the American continent. 12000 BC People lived in Peru, in Ayacucho and around 11000 BC. First people reach Chile.

geography

  • At the end of the last ice age, the Nile digs its river bed as the water level in Lake Victoria in Africa rises due to meltwater .
  • The Behringstrasse is flooded, so that Asians who immigrated to North America can only move further south. Around 9000 BC People reach Patagonia.

Web links

Commons : 12th millennium BC Chr.  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Glossary of the Epochs and Cultures of Scandinavian History
  2. ↑ The Indians - Early Cultures of North America, Overview , The Indians - Former Cultures of North America, Overview
  3. ↑ Susan Peterson, Jan Peterson: The Craft and Art of Clay: A Complete Potter's Handbook . Laurence King Publishing, 2003, ISBN 978-1-85669-354-7 ( google.de [accessed January 6, 2020]).
  4. ^ Philippe Boch, Jean-Claude Nièpce: Ceramic Materials: Processes, Properties, and Applications . John Wiley & Sons, 2010, ISBN 978-0-470-39454-0 ( google.de [accessed January 6, 2020]).
  5. ^ Brian M. Fagan: Ancient Lives: An Introduction to Archeology and Prehistory . Routledge, 2016, ISBN 978-1-317-28194-8 ( google.de [accessed January 6, 2020]).
  6. ↑ a b c Simon Adams: History of The World (e-book) . Dorling Kindersley Limited, 2004, ISBN 978-1-4053-2677-3 ( google.de [accessed January 6, 2020]).
  7. ^ John Homans: What's a Dog For ?: The Surprising History, Science, Philosophy, and Politics of Man's Best Friend . Penguin, 2012, ISBN 978-1-101-59627-2 ( google.de [accessed January 6, 2020]).
  8. ^ Frank Patalong: Early human history: Archaeologists discover the oldest bread . In: Spiegel Online . July 16, 2018 ( spiegel.de [accessed January 6, 2020]).
  9. ^ Arthur Demarest, Demarest, Arthur Andrew Demarest: Ancient Maya: The Rise and Fall of a Rainforest Civilization . Cambridge University Press, 2004, ISBN 978-0-521-59224-6 ( google.de [accessed January 6, 2020]).
  10. ^ A b Dilwyn Jenkins: The Rough Guide to Peru . Rough Guides UK, 2012, ISBN 978-1-4053-8985-3 ( google.de [accessed January 6, 2020]).
  11. ↑ Yuval Noah Harari: Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind . Random House, 2014, ISBN 978-1-4481-9069-0 ( google.de [accessed January 6, 2020]).
  12. ^ J. Ward Allen, JA Allan, PP Howell: The Nile: Sharing a Scarce Resource: A Historical and Technical Review of Water Management and of Economical and Legal Issues . Cambridge University Press, 1994, ISBN 978-0-521-45040-9 ( google.de [accessed January 6, 2020]).
  13. ^ Rushdi Said: The Geological Evolution of the River Nile . Springer Science & Business Media, 2012, ISBN 978-1-4612-5841-4 ( google.de [accessed January 6, 2020]).