130 mm / 50 B13 model 1936
| 130 mm / 50 B13 model 1936 | |
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| General Information | |
| Military designation: | 130 mm / 50 B13 model 1936 |
| Manufacturer country: | Soviet Union |
| Developer / Manufacturer: | Obukhov factory |
| Development year: | 1929-1935 |
| Production time: | 1915 to 1954 |
| Number of pieces: | 1199 |
| Model variants: | 3 |
| Weapon Category: | Ship artillery |
| Team: | 1 + 10 |
| Technical specifications | |
| Caliber : |
130 mm |
| Caliber length : | L / 50 |
| Number of trains : | 40 |
| Cadence : | 5-13 rounds / min |
| Elevation range: | −5 ° to +45 degrees |
| Furnishing | |
| Closure Type : | Screw lock |
| Charging principle: | pneumatic |
The 130 mm / 50 B13 model 1936 gun ( Russian 130-мм корабельная пушка образца 1935 года (Б-13) ) was a naval gun of the Soviet Union . It was the standard gun for destroyers during and after World War II , but was also used as a coastal gun , a railway gun and a self-propelled gun . Through the sale of destroyers, the gun was in service in Poland , the People's Republic of China , Egypt and Indonesia . Finland captured several guns as part of the Continuation War and had them in service until the 1990s.
development
In 1929 the Soviet Union began developing a new gun for submarines . This should have a caliber of 130 mm / 40 and the same ballistic properties as the outdated 130 mm / 55 B7 Model 1913 gun. Construction plans and a prototype were requested from the Obuchow plant. In 1932 the specifications were changed from caliber length 45 to caliber length 50 and a screw lock was to be used instead of a wedge lock . In addition, the operational area was changed from submarines to destroyers. In 1934 and 1935, several test shoots took place with the prototype. These showed several design weaknesses in the model. Since the gun was intended for the Leningrad class , which was already under construction, production was released.
Responsible director of development was NN Magdasijew and those involved in development were SA Morosow, SA Salasajew, BA Lever, WM Rosenberg and WI Kudrjaschow.
Model variants
The first version of the 130 mm / 50 B13 model 1936 had 40 trains with a depth of one millimeter. Since the 130 mm / 55 B7 model 1913 had a longer barrel, a stronger propellant had to be used. This resulted in the barrel having a lifespan of only 130 rounds. The destroyers of the Leningrad and Gnevny class could not even fire their ammunition without changing the barrel. The solution for the second version was to deepen the trains to 2.7 mm. This increased the life of the barrel to 1100 rounds. There is a third version with a draw depth of 1.95 mm for which there is no information about the service life.
All three versions had a loading platform that allowed reloading in any position of the gun. Reloading was done using a pneumatic loading mechanism. However, the reloading speed decreased drastically with a height setting of over + 25 °.
The different depths of the trains resulted in the problem that each version had to use its own ammunition and range tables. These were not compatible with each other.
use
Usage designations refer to the different setups of the gun and are therefore not independent model variants.
B-13
The most commonly used type B-13 was a stand-alone installation and only had a 13 mm thick protective shield to protect against shrapnel or fire from hand weapons. The aiming of the gun was done manually and required a high level of training from the operating team. All destroyer and coastal guns built during the war were of the B-13 type . These weighed 12 tons and were equipped for a central fire control.
B-2LM
The Type B-2LM was a twin turret for post-war destroyers of the Ognevoy and Skoryy classes . Only the Tashkent and the Storozhevoy were retrofitted with these twin towers. One tower weighed 49 tons.
B-2LMT
The type B-2LMT was more heavily armored than the B-2LM and was built into river monitors . The Sivash , the Perekop and the Shilka class were equipped with it. One tower weighed 90.9 tons.
B-28
The type B-28 was only used on the Khasan monitor . One tower weighed 83.7 tons.
B-2-U
The type B-2-U was planned as a universal twin tower. Its height direction should be increased to + 85 ° in order to be able to use the gun effectively as an anti-aircraft gun . The project was discontinued during the war.
T-100Y
The SU-100Y was a prototype of a Russian self-propelled gun based on the heavy tank T-100 with a built-in 130 mm / 50 B13 model 1936 . It was supposed to attack and destroy Finnish bunkers, but came too late for the Winter War . Series production of the model was later abandoned, as KW-2 tanks were available. The prototype was used during the defense of Moscow and survived the war. Today it is in the Kubinka Tank Museum .
130/50 N
Finland was in the Continuation War several 1936 130 mm / 50 B13 model conquer coastal guns and put them with the name N 130/50 (Finnish 130 mm 50 caliber gun coastal model N) for coastal defense one.
130/50 NRaut
Three 130 mm / 50 B13 Model 1936 coastal guns were converted by Finland into railway guns in 1964 (Raut = rautatietykki, railway gun). All three guns were converted back to coastal guns in 1972.
Use of other countries
Poland
Poland received two Skoryy-class destroyers in the 1950s. These were equipped with B-2LM turrets . In addition, several B-13 coastal guns were delivered to Poland. These were used in the fortified area of Hela (Polish Rejon Umocniony Hel).
Egypt and Indonesia
Six Skoryy-class ships were sold to Egypt, seven to Indonesia.
People's Republic of China
Four Gnevny-class destroyers were handed over to the People's Republic of China in 1954. These put the ships into service as the Anshan class . The destroyers were equipped with four 130 mm / 50 B13 Model 1936 guns in stand-alone setup.
Finland
In the Continuation War , Finland was able to recapture five 130 mm / 50 B13 Model 1936 when retaking the Soviet-occupied Hanko Peninsula . Although these guns were blown up by the withdrawing Russians, they could be repaired by the state artillery factory (Valtion Tykkitehdas) and personnel from the Helsinki naval base. Three of the guns were used as the Uusimaa coastal defense brigade in the fortresses Pihlajasaari and Miessaari and two as armament for the auxiliary cannon boats Aunus and Viena . The guns were given the designation 130/50 N .
In 1964, the three coastal guns were converted into railway guns with the designation 130/50 NRaut and incorporated into the coastal artillery battalion Hanko . In 1972 all three were restored and placed in the fortress Glosholma and subordinated to the coastal artillery regiment Suomenlinna . In the 1990s, the guns were decommissioned but not dismantled. One was brought to Kuivasaari in 2005 and exhibited there. In Finland the guns are nicknamed "Nikolajev".
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Hel as a defensive fortress of Polish Seashore (1945–1974) Description on Hela.com. Accessed January 7, 2020. (English)
- ^ Armata morska B-13 gallery with pictures of the guns at Laskowski. Retrieved January 7, 2020 (Polish)
- ^ Norman Polmar: The Naval Institute guide to the Soviet Navy . United States Naval Institute, Annapolis 1991, p. 176, ISBN 0-87021-241-9 . (English)
- ↑ Anshan-class destroyer description on jongo.com. Accessed January 7, 2020. (English)
- ↑ Ove Enqvist: Kuivasaari . 2005, page 54, ISBN 952-91-9148-0 . (Finnish)