2K (film)

The articles 4K2K , 2K (film) , Ultra HD , Ultra High Definition Television and 4K (image resolution) thematically overlap. Help me to better differentiate or merge the articles (→  instructions ) . To do this, take part in the relevant redundancy discussion . Please remove this module only after the redundancy has been completely processed and do not forget to include the relevant entry on the redundancy discussion page{{ Done | 1 = ~~~~}}to mark. Enzoklop ( discussion ) 5:51 p.m. , Sep 16. 2013 (CEST)

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The terms 2K and 4K denote the resolutions used for the production of cinema films for the exposure of the images on film material and the resolution of digital cinema cameras . 2K stands for a resolution of up to 2048 pixels in width, 4K accordingly for up to twice as many (4096 pixels). The exact number of pixels in the vertical and horizontal direction depends on the aspect ratio, the film size used, the image size used and the film recorder used. In common parlance, the 4K format is also used synonymously for Ultra High Definition Television (UHDTV). However, it should be noted that the horizontal resolution of the UHDTV format with only 3840 pixels is lower than the 4096 pixels used in the cinema.

Distribution and use

The vast majority of current A-budget films are digitally exposed, which was still the exception in the 1990s. The resolution is 2K for over 95% of all exposed cinema productions. The technical term for digital production is digital intermediate . 2K data can also be transmitted in real time via HD-SDI .

The original recording in 4K format for direct television exploitation was tested by the pay-TV broadcaster Sky Deutschland for the first time on December 1, 2012 as part of the Bundesliga soccer match between Bayern Munich and Borussia Dortmund .

Editing systems

There are now numerous digital editing programs that can work with resolutions that exceed conventional high definition television . Adobe Premiere, for example, supports resolutions up to 10,240 × 8,192 pixels. Apple's Final Cut Pro X can handle resolutions of up to 16K, and the Media 100 suite supports 3K and 4K resolutions in addition to 2K resolution. Sony Vegas Pro 12 supports up to 4096 × 4096 pixels. With CyberLink PowerDirector also get cut 4K videos.

Manufacturer and supplier of film recorders for 2K / 4K

Few companies make film recorders. Examples with a large market share are ARRI with the Arrilaser product and Celco with Fury . Their devices are typically offered by service providers such as copiers or post-production companies. In-house developed film imagesetters or those produced in small series have another substantial market share.

Costs, storage requirements and time expenditure

The prices of a high-quality 35 mm exposure typically range between € 10,000 and € 50,000. The price differences are based on the usual market economy criteria

• the different running length of the film,
• the footage used,
• the additional services for film exposure (for example taking into account the film light tone),
• the recorder used,
• the resolution used, 4K resolution is typically 10 to 20% more expensive than 2K resolution.

The storage requirement of the data of the exposure varies between 1.25 terabytes (2K, 24 fps, 90 minutes) up to 10 terabytes (4K, 24 fps, 180 minutes).

The exposure period is typically 2 or 3 days up to 2 weeks, depending on the speed of the exposure device used, the resolution used and of course the length of the film. As a special case, real-time recorders such as Cinevator HD should be mentioned, which directly expose the film in real time. Here the net exposure time is equal to the running length of the film.

Common resolutions

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The various 2K and 4K sub-formats are shown using the example of the imagesetter from Celco. Depending on the manufacturer of the film recorder, these deviate by a few pixels in the vertical.

format	Camera section	Aspect ratio	4K resolution	2K resolution
35 mm full screen	000.980 x 0.735	001.33: 1	004096 × 3072	002048 × 1536
Super 1.85	000.980 x 0.530	001.85: 1	004096 × 2216	002048 × 1108
70 mm 2.2: 1 AR	000.980 x 0.446	002.20: 1	004096 × 1864	002048 × 932
Super 35 / Super Techniscope	000.980 x 0.409	002.40: 1	004096 × 1708	002048 × 854
35 mm Academy Offset a	000.864 x 0.630	001.37: 1	003612 × 2632 b	001806 × 1316 c
Standard 1.66	000.864 x 0.520	001.66: 1	003612 × 2172 b	001806 × 1086 c
Standard 1.78	000.864 x 0.485	001.78: 1	003612 × 2028 b	001806 × 1014 c
Standard 1.85	000.864 x 0.467	001.85: 1	003612 × 1952 b	001806 × 976 c
Cinemascope / Panavision	000.864 x 0.732	002.36: 1	003612 × 3060 b d	001806 × 1530 c d
35 mm Academy Offset e	000.864 x 0.630	001.37: 1	004096 × 2988	002048 × 1494
Standard 1.66	000.864 x 0.520	001.66: 1	004096 × 2464	002048 × 1232
Standard 1.78	000.864 x 0.485	001.78: 1	004096 × 2304	002048 × 1152
Standard 1.85	000.864 x 0.467	001.85: 1	004096 × 2212	002048 × 1106
Cinemascope / Panavision	000.864 x 0.732	002.36: 1	004096 × 1716 d	002048 × 858 d
35 mm VistaVision	001.485 x 0.991	001.50: 1	004096 × 2732	002048 × 1366
65 mm 5-perf	002.066 x 0.906	002.28: 1	004096 × 1796	002048 × 898
65 mm 8-perf (Iwerks)	002.072 x 1.485	001.40: 1	004096 × 2936	002048 × 1468
65mm 15-Perf (IMAX / Omnimax)	002.772 x 2.072	001.34: 1	004096 × 3060	002048 × 1530

^a 35 mm Academy offset as partial exposure on a complete 35 mm area.

^b Requires an offset of 446 pixels in the X-axis.

^c Requires 222 pixel offset in the X-axis.

^dAnamorphic formats require a double magnification on the Y-axis if the source images are not twice as high resolution. The Y-resolution here refers to the (rarer) case that the images were recorded with double the vertical resolution.

^e 35 mm Academy Offset is specified as a separate format without the necessary software offset.

(.115-.009) (X resolution / .980) Here .115 (= 0.115 inch ) and .009 are the distance to the perforation of the Academy offset and full screen format.

swell

1. ↑ Sky tests sports production in 4K UltraHD for the first time ( Memento from January 15, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
2. ↑ Cinevator HD real-time imagesetter . Archived from the original on April 22, 2009. Retrieved May 9, 2015.