50Hertz Offshore
| 50Hertz Offshore GmbH | |
|---|---|
| legal form | GmbH |
| founding | August 8, 2007 |
| Seat |
Berlin Germany
|
| management | Frank Golletz, Marco Nix |
| sales | 198.9 million euros (2016) |
| Branch | power supply |
| Website | 50hertz.com |
The 50Hertz Offshore GmbH is a German company based in Berlin , the offshore wind farms in the Baltic Sea connects to the transmission network. The company is a 100 percent subsidiary of the transmission system operator 50Hertz Transmission . The company was founded in 2007 as Vattenfall Europe Baltic Offshore Grid GmbH and renamed in 2010. In the Baltic Sea region, 50Hertz Offshore GmbH is responsible for connecting the German offshore wind farms (OWP) to the grid.
Company history
The Energy Industry Act stipulates that transmission system operators , in whose control area the grid connection of offshore wind turbines is to take place, have to set up and operate the offshore connection lines ( Section 17d (1) sentence 1 EnWG ) (Section 17 (2a) old version). Since the grid connection for offshore wind farms in the German Baltic Sea is in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania , 50Hertz Transmission is legally responsible. 50Hertz Offshore GmbH was founded as a special purpose vehicle in order to create more transparency in the circulation of the costs that arise in the offshore sector . The legal predecessor was Vattenfall Europe Baltic Offshore Grid GmbH , which was entered in the commercial register at the Berlin-Charlottenburg district court on August 6, 2007 . As a result of the sale of the Vattenfall AG transmission network to the Belgian network operator Elia System Operator , the Vattenfall Offshore Company was also renamed 50Hertz Offshore GmbH .
Offshore connection systems
The grid connection of the offshore wind farms to the Baltic Sea by 50Hertz takes place in three-phase alternating current technology.
| system | Surname | Network connection point | Transmission capacity | Offshore wind farm (s) | tension | status | completion |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OST-1-1 | East wind 1 | Lubmin (near Lubmin ) | 250 MW | Vikings | 220 kV | in operation | 2018 |
| OST-1-2 | 250 MW | Arkona basin southeast | in operation | 2019 | |||
| OST-1-3 | 250 MW | Vikings, Arkona Basin southeast, Vikings South (planned) | in operation | 2019 | |||
| OST-1-4 | 300 MW | in planning | 2026 | ||||
| OST-2-1 | East wind 2 | 250 MW | Arcadis Ost 1 (planned) | planned | 2021 | ||
| OST-2-2 | 250 MW | Baltic Eagle (planned) | planned | 2023 | |||
| OST-2-3 | 250 MW | 2024 | |||||
| OST-3-1 | Bentwisch (at Bentwisch ) | 338.6 MW | EnBW Baltic 1 | 150 kV | in operation | 2011 | |
| OST-3-2 | EnBW Baltic 2 | in operation | 2014 | ||||
| OST-7-1 | at Papendorf | 300 MW | Test area northwest Warnemünde | 220 kV | in planning | 2024 |
Source: Network development plan of the transmission system operator , confirmed by the Federal Network Agency .
Network connection from Baltic 1
The offshore wind farm Baltic 1 with the full name "EnBW Baltic 1" was, according to EnBW, the first commercial offshore wind farm in Germany in the Baltic Sea. It is located about 15 kilometers north of the Fischland-Darß-Zingst peninsula within the 12 nautical mile zone of the Baltic Sea. 50Hertz Offshore was connected to the grid at the nearest substation in Bentwisch near Rostock. 21 wind turbines generate an annual output of 185 gigawatt hours, with which 50,000 households can be supplied. In the Bentwisch substation near Rostock, the electricity generated is stepped up and connected to the overland network by 50Hertz. EnBW Baltic 1 has been in operation since May 2, 2011.
For the grid connection of Baltic 1, 50Hertz Offshore uses a transmission using 150 kV three-phase technology. For this a cable is used that is insulated with densely cross-linked polyethylene (VPE). Because of the three-phase transmission, it is a three-wire cable. In addition to its three copper conductors, an optical fiber for the measurement and control data is also integrated in the cable. Covered by a metal shield coated with bitumen paint, the cable is protected from damage and corrosion. The buried cable from Baltic 1 extends over a length of 77 kilometers, 61 kilometers of which are submarine cables in the Baltic Sea.
The following steps were necessary to lay the submarine cable:
- Salvage
- Detection and, if necessary, recovery of anomalies or ammunition on the seabed
- Pre-trenching
- Areas with a hard sea floor were loosened by excavations
- Ecological construction supervision
- Approval requirements with regard to construction time restrictions and fine alignment in the area of reef biotopes
- Jetting
- After an underwater robot flushed a channel on the sea floor, the submarine cable was sunk into the ground and then enclosed
- Landing culvert
- Like other sensitive areas, the coastal area was crossed under by horizontal drilling
On the transformer platform in the wind farm, 50Hz Offshore provides a switchgear that takes care of the distribution of the energy. In order to guarantee the flow of current, additional compensation chokes were installed for the cable lines to reduce the lossy reactive currents. On the other side of the line, 50Hz Offshore installed the switchgear and compensation coil in the Bentwisch substation. In addition, there is another transformer , which transforms the sea-side voltage up to maximum voltage for low-loss transmission. The wind farm's energy is fed into the German grid from the substation.
Network connection of Baltic 2
The offshore wind farm Baltic 2 (formerly "Kriegers Flak 1") is 32 kilometers north of Rügen on the edge of the German exclusive economic zone . With an area of 27 square kilometers, the area is four times the size of “EnBW Baltic 1” and can generate six times as much electricity. 80 Siemens SWT 3.6-120 wind turbines can generate 288 MW. The wind farm was officially put into operation on September 21, 2015. Due to the geographical location and for reasons of efficiency, the submarine cable from Baltic 2 is bundled with the line from Baltic 1. The integration into the transmission network takes place via the Bentwisch substation.
Current projects
Most recently, 50Hertz Offshore connected the first two wind farms in the so-called "Westlich Adlergrund" cluster to the grid as part of the "Ostwind 1" transmission project. This is an area 42 kilometers northeast of the island of Rügen, which has been designated as a particularly suitable area for the construction of wind farms. It has an area of 109.2 square kilometers and is located in the exclusive economic zone. The two wind farms - Arkona Basin Southeast and Wikinger - are in operation. The approval procedures are ongoing for further wind farms in the Westlich Adlergrund cluster. As part of "Ostwind 1", 90 kilometers of submarine cables were laid that reach the coast near Lubmin and are connected to the 50Hertz substation there. The “Andalucia” transformer platform was set up for the Wikinger wind farm.
For the planned OWP " Arcadis Ost 1 " (cluster "Westlich Arkonasee" within the 12 nautical mile limit) and "Baltic Eagle" (cluster "Arkonasee" in the exclusive economic zone) there is the transmission project "Ostwind 2", which runs in parallel to "Ostwind 1" to Lubmin.
Legal obligation and permits
Section 17 (2a) of the Energy Industry Act (EnWG) makes the transmission system operator responsible for connecting and operating the adjacent offshore wind farms. In the case of the Baltic Sea, this is 50Hertz Transmission . It has commissioned its subsidiary 50Hertz Offshore GmbH to connect all of the wind farm projects to the grid that will begin construction by 2015 (Section 118 EnWG). The legal framework for this obligation was established in 2006 in the course of the Infrastructure Acceleration Act. This requires timely connection, i.e. H. until the offshore wind turbines are ready for operation, which must be technically and economically efficient. The special task therefore lies in risk management, which takes into account the high costs and bottlenecks in the market.
The Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency (BSH) decides on the construction of offshore wind turbines in the exclusive economic zone . However, the respective federal states are responsible for the approval of systems within the 12 nautical mile limit. For the Baltic Sea, these are the states of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania and Schleswig-Holstein.
Efficiency is checked by the Federal Network Agency (BNetzA) as the competent regulatory authority, according to whose specifications 50Hertz Offshore is oriented. The 50Hertz Offshore GmbH builds its investment activities to the respective project progress and approval status of future wind farms (investment criteria). To assess the progress of the project, the company uses a consortium of external experts commissioned since 2007.
Web links
- 50Hertz Transmission website
- Wind-Energy-Network Rostock eV - Website for 65 companies in the wind energy sector
- Federal Network Agency for Electricity, Gas, Telecommunications, Post and Railways
- Official website of the Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency
Individual evidence
- ↑ Annual Report 2016, page 84 ( Memento from December 14, 2017 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Sale of the East German transmission network ( Memento from December 28, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ a b 50Hertz Ostwind 1. Accessed January 20, 2020 .
- ↑ a b 50Hertz Ostwind 2. Accessed January 20, 2020 .
- ↑ Confirmation of the electricity network development plan for the target year 2030. (PDF) Federal Network Agency , December 2019, accessed on January 20, 2020 .
- ↑ 50Hertz page on Baltic 1 ( memento of the original from January 18, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ EnBW page on Baltic 2
- ↑ Press release on 50hertz.com: Ostwind 1 grid connection brings offshore wind power to consumers
- ↑ Message: Andalucia in the Baltic Sea
- ↑ Approval procedure of the 50HzO [approval of offshore wind turbines in the Baltic Sea]
