Allied Command Europe Mobile Forces
|
Allied Command Europe Mobile Forces |
|
|---|---|
 Association badge |
|
| active | 1960 to October 30, 2002 |
| Country |
 United States
|
| Armed forces | Army (AMF-L) Air Force (AMF-Air) |
| Type |
 NATO Response Force
|
| Insinuation |
SHAPE
|
| last seat of the staff |
 Heidelberg ( Campbell Barracks )
|
The Allied Command Europe Mobile Force ( AMF , also: ACE Mobile Force ) was a multinational NATO mobile intervention unit for the command area Europe with headquarters in Heidelberg , Germany. The association, which was also referred to as the "NATO fire brigade", was subordinate to the Supreme Allied Commander Europe (SACEUR). The association was dissolved in 2002.
assignment
The AMF was a multinational association at brigade level with land and air forces and served as a strategic improvement in flank protection during the Cold War . Participating nations were the USA , Great Britain , Canada , Italy , Belgium , the Netherlands , Luxembourg and Germany . In the event of an attack by the Warsaw Pact states, a counterstrike should be brought about immediately, which should also demonstrate the solidarity of the nations involved in the alliance. Until mobilization, the main forces of the AMF should remain in the national associations of the participating NATO states.
history
The Bundeswehr responded to requests from NATO on December 9, 1960 from January 1961 by providing a paratrooper battalion, a medical company, an airborne telecommunication company, a squadron of light combat aircraft and air transport units.
In October 1961, Bundeswehr units , including parts of the 1st Airborne Division (the 262 Parachute Battalion ) in the AMF took part in the First Try maneuver in Sardinia in October 1961 , in which Belgian, British and American soldiers were also involved.
In November 1965, the paratrooper battalion 262 also took part in the AMF maneuver Eastern Express II on the southeast flank of NATO, which took place in Turkey under the leadership of AMF commander Major General Michael Fitzalan-Howard (Great Britain). A total of 3500 soldiers from the USA, Great Britain, Belgium, Germany and Italy took part in the maneuver. In 1967 the Sunshine Express maneuver followed in Greece , also with German participation.
In 1970 the AMF Arctic Express maneuver with 4,000 soldiers took place in northern Norway near Narvik on the northern flank of NATO .
In January 1989 the German general Peter Heinrich Carstens became commander of the AMF-Land.
In February 1990, the AMF major maneuver "Array encounter 90" started again in Northern Norway. When the 2nd Company / FschJgBtl 252 jumped from Nagold, a soldier remained hanging on the aircraft due to an incorrectly loosened pull-up rope and could only be rescued with minor injuries after 40 minutes.
The first use of the air component of the association ( AMF-Air ) took place from January to March 1991 during the Second Gulf War as part of Operation Ace Guard . On January 2, 1991, at the request of Turkey on December 17, 1990, the NATO North Atlantic Council decided to send more than 40 fighter aircraft (including 18 German Alpha Jet fighter- bombers of the 2nd Squadron of Fighter- Bomber Squadron 43 ) from Belgium, Germany and Italy to the Turkey. Further units of the ( AMF-Land ) including the GebPzArtBtl 235 Bad Reichenhall should follow. Because of the overwhelming rapid success of the US. and British armed forces, the Army Component ( AMF land ) was never used .
In September 1991 the AMF undertook maneuvers in Denmark Alley Express with German participation , in February 1995 again Strong Resolve in Norway and in March 1996 in Belgium Cooperative Adventure Express .
In September 1996 parts of the Airborne Brigade 26 at "Hohen Brendten" in Mittenwald were ceremoniously adopted. From then on, parts of the 1st Mountain Division took over the AMF assignment in Northern Norway due to their equipment for battles in difficult terrain. In February 1997 "Adventure Express" and in March (3rd-27th) 1998 Strong Resolve were German mountain troops of GebJgBtl 233 from the Upper Bavarian Mittenwald first time since the end of World War II in an exercise in Narvik and the surrounding area as well as the 26th Airborne Brigade in Portugal involved. From April 1999 to September 1999 parts of the AMF-Land were deployed during the Kosovo War on Operation Allied Harbor in Albania .
In 2001, large parts of the AMF took part in the multinational "Adventure Exchange" exercise in Turkey.
In 2002, the long-planned international participation in the last troop exercise in Bergen / Munster had to be canceled, so that only the German artillery battery "Luftlandeartilleriebatterie 9" assigned to the AMF could carry out the last snapshot.
From October 7th to 18th, 2002 the AMF took part in the multinational “Cooperative Adventure Exchange” in Ukraine . This was the first NATO exercise that took place on the territory of a former Warsaw Pact state and at the same time the last maneuver of the AMF.
On October 30, 2002, the NATO intervening unit was disbanded.
maneuver
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The AMF carried out maneuvers, sometimes several, with international participation every year.
- 1961 First Try , Sardinia
- 1962 Southern Express , Greece
- 1963 Norway, Finnmark
- 1963 Summer Marmara Express , Greece
- 1965 Eastern Express , Turkey
- 1966 Summer Marmara Express , Greece and Turkey
- 1967 Sunshine Express , Greece
- 1968 Greece
- 1969 Olympic Express , Turkey
- 1969 Green Express , Denmark
- 1970 Deep Express , Turkey
- 1970 Arctic Express , Norway, Narvik
- 1971 Hellenic Express , Greece
- 1972 Canadian Club , Germany
- 1972 Ardent Ground, UK
- 1974?, Elsenborn - Belgium (May 1974)
- 1975 Deep Express , Turkey
- 1975 Advent Express , UK
- 1976 Halina Express , UK
- 1977 Black Hussar , Great Britain
- 1977 Arrow-Express, Denmark, Naestved (Sept. 1977)
- 1980 Anorak Express , Norway
- 1980 Ardent Ground , UK
- 1981 Amber Express , Denmark
- 1981 Ardent Ground , Portugal
- 1982 Ardent Ground , Portugal
- 1983 Ardent Ground , Belgium
- 1984 Ardent Ground , UK
- 1985 Archway Express , Turkey
- 1986 Ardent Ground , Belgium
- 1987 Ardent Ground , UK
- 1987 Accord Express , Denmark
- 1987 Aurora Express , Turkey
- 1988 Arrowhead Express , Norway
- 1988 Alley Express , Turkey
- 1989 Ardent Ground , Italy
- 1989 Armanda Exchange , Italy, Pavia di Udine and Paularo
- 1989 Action Express , Denmark
- 1990 Array Encounter 90 , Norway
- 1991 Alley Express , Denmark
- 1992 Ardent Ground , Great Britain, Otterburn (Northumberland)
- 1992 Alley Express , Turkey
- 1993 Arena Exchange , Italy
- 1993 Action Express , Denmark
- 1993 Ardent Ground , Belgium
- 1994 Arctic Express , Norway
- 1994 Ardent Ground , Germany, Baumholder
- 1994 Arrow Exchange , Turkey
- 1994 Strong Resolve , Norway
- 1995 Arctic Express , Norway
- 1996 Dynamic Mix , Turkey
- 1996 Cooperative Adventure Express , Belgium
- 1997 Adventure Express , Norway
- 1997 Ardent Ground , Turkey
- 1998 Strong Resolve , Norway
- 1998 Strong Resolve , Portugal
- 2000 Joint Winter , Norway
- 2001 Adventure Exchange , Turkey
- 2002 Cooperative Adventure Exchange , Ukraine
literature
- Bernd Lemke : The Allied Mobile Force 1961 to 2002 (= origin and problems of the Atlantic alliance . Vol. 10). De Gruyter Oldenbourg, Berlin a. a. 2015, ISBN 978-3-11-041087-7 .
Web links
- NATO Press Release: Allied Command Europe Mobile Force Land Headquarters to be dissolved in Autumn 2002
- NATO Handbook: The ACE Mobile Force AMF ( Memento of July 17, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
- Military history in the picture ARRAY ENCOUNTER 90: German combat troops are practicing for the first time in the NATO alliance on Norwegian soil
- Bundeswehr Classix: Land of Bridges and Ferries (1969) ( YouTube video of the AMF Green Express maneuver in Denmark in autumn 1969)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Fallschirmjäger - The History of the 1st Airborne Division, Barett Verlag Solingen, ISBN 3-924753598
Coordinates: 49 ° 23 ′ 11.9 " N , 8 ° 40 ′ 55.1" E