Abnoba mons

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Location of the Abnoba mons according to Ptolemy

The Latin name Abnoba mons (pre-Germanic Abnoba ; Greek  τὰ Ἄβνοβα ta Abnoba , Ἀβνοβαῖα ὄρη Abnobaia orē ) is a mountain name that was used by the ancient authors Pliny and Tacitus . The mountain name is traditionally associated with the Black Forest in research . The toponym is given by Ptolemy in his Geographia , created around the year 150, as one of the mountains ( ηρη ) lying in the Germania magna with the beginning in the south (31 ° 49 ') and the end in the north (31 ° 52'). The geographer apparently understands this mountain name not only to mean the Black Forest, but an entire mountain range .

Ancient sources

Dedication inscription, altar of Diana Abnoba, Badenweiler.

The mountain name occurs with Avienus in the Descriptio orbis terrae , in the Naturalis historia of Pliny, with Tacitus in the Germania and in the Geographia of Ptolemaios. After Pliny and Tacitus, the mountain name refers to the forest mountains from which the Danube rises. This news is confirmed by inscription finds from the Black Forest area.

With Ptolemy the name of the mountain is given in a list of mountains in Germania magna. This list was probably derived from Roman itineraries and transferred to a constructed network of longitudes and latitudes. The geographer understands this mountain name to mean the mountain range extending from the Odenwald in the south to at least the Rothaar Mountains in the north .

etymology

The inscription finds from the Black Forest area link this Latin name in particular with the Black Forest. The inscriptions dedicated to the goddess Abnoba name a dea Abnoba or Diana Abnoba analogous to dea Arduinna , Diana Arduinna of the Ardennes .

In the form of Abnoba , the Celtic word * abonā for "river" has been seen as underlying in research since the 19th century . In the previous different approaches to explaining the suffix, Sabine Ziegler can use the original Celtic form * abno-ṷā . Ziegler interprets the name for the Black Forest with the composition form * ab-o- as "the river-rich (area) characterized by rivers".

Localizations

The Abnoba mons is according to the instructions of the ancient authors Aviennus, Pliny and Tacitus, and according to the findings of Abnoba linked -Inschriften in science mainly with the Black Forest. In Ammianus Marcellinus the Black Forest is as Marcianae silvae referred.

Ptolemy gives the name Abnoba mons in his Geographia created around 150 as one of the mountains lying in the Germania magna with the starting point in the south: (31 ° 49 ') and the end point in the north (31 ° 52'). This does not include the Black Forest, but a mountain range, according to Theodor Steche , which, starting with the Odenwald , extends over the Spessart , Vogelsberg , Rothaargebirge, Briloner Wald and finally the Eggegebirge . An interdisciplinary research team around Andreas Kleineberg tried to confirm this view by analyzing the ancient coordinates. It identifies these coordinates of the Ptolemaic mountain name with the Katzenbuckel (Odenwald) in the south (31 ° 49 ') and the Egge Mountains in the north (31 ° 52').

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Analytical online edition of Geographike Hyphegesis with translation and map of Germania magna , accessed on June 27, 2014
  2. ^ Avienus , Descriptio orbis terrae 437.
  3. ↑ Pliny , Naturalis historia 4, 79, called there in the form of mons Abnova .
  4. ↑ Tacitus , Germania 1, Arnobae corrupts from Abnobae .
  5. ^ See Ptolemaios , Geographia ( 2, 11, 5.6.11 ).
  6. ↑ a b c Reinhard Wenskus :  Abnoba. In: Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde (RGA). 2nd Edition. Volume 1, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1973, ISBN 3-11-004489-7 , p. 13. ( online )
  7. ↑ z. B. CIL 13, 6326 , Mühlburg: DEAE ABNOB…; further inscription finds : CIL 13, 5334 : DIANAE ABNOB…; CIL 13, 11746 : ABNOBAE ...; CIL 13, 11747 :… NOBE…; CIL 13, 6326 , CIL 13, 6283 : DEANAE ABNOBAE ...; CIL 13, 11721 :… NOBE…; CIL 13, 11721 : ABN ...; CIL 13, 6357 : ABNOBAE ... and CIL 13, 6356 : ABNOBAE ...
  8. ↑ Alfred Holder: Altceltischer vocabulary. Volume 1, Leipzig 1895, p. 8.
  9. ↑ Sabine Ziegler: Comments on the Celtic toponym Abnova / Abnoba. P. 292. See also: Scheungraber, Grünzweig: The old Germanic toponyms. P. 37.
  10. ↑ Sabine Ziegler: Comments on the Celtic toponym Abnova / Abnoba. P. 293.
  11. ↑ See Richard JA Talbert (Ed.): Barrington-Atlas of the Greek and Roman World. Princeton and Oxford 2000 et seq. (Eds.): Map-by-Map Directory. Volume 1-2. Princeton and Oxford 2000; Hans-Werner Goetz , Karl-Wilhelm Welwei : Old Germania. Excerpts from ancient sources about the Germanic peoples and their relationship to the Roman Empire. First part: Sources of Ancient History up to AD 238 Darmstadt 1996. p. 169.
  12. ↑ Ammianus Marcellinus 22, 8, 2.
  13. ^ Wilhelm Justus Niemeyer : The tribal seats of the Chatten according to soil finds and ancient tradition, especially in Cl. Ptolemy. (= Contributions to the tribal lore of Hesse. 2.). Kassel / Basel 1955, p. 27.
  14. ^ Theodor Steche : Old Germania in the geography book of Claudius Ptolemy. Leipzig 1937, p. 46.
  15. ^ Similar to Karl Lennartz : Intermediate Europe in the Geographical Concepts and Warfare of the Romans in the Time from Caesar to Marcus Aurelius. Bonn 1969, p. 104.
  16. ^ Andreas Kleineberg, Christian Marx, Eberhard Knobloch , Dieter Lelgemann : Germania and the island of Thule. The decryption of Ptolemy´s "Atlas of the Oikumene" . Scientific Book Society, Darmstadt 2011, ISBN 978-3-534-24525-3 . , P. 32.

Web links