Abrogans
As Abrogans , more Abrogans German , also Codex Abrogans , a Latin-Old High German glossary referred whose in the Abbey Library of St. Gallen preserved copy ( Codex Sangallensis 911 ) as the oldest surviving book in German language applies.
The glossary contains around 3,670 Old High German words in over 14,600 documents, making it a valuable source for knowledge of the oldest Upper German language. It was named by Germanic research after its first entry: abrogans = dheomodi (modest, humble).
The South Tyrolean clergyman Arbeo von Freising († 783 or 784) or the Benedictine monk Kero are mentioned as the author.
General Information
The German Abrogans is a Latin - Old High German synonym dictionary , which, however, did not come from a collection of Latin-Old High German translation equations, but was based on a purely Latin, alphabetically arranged synonym dictionary. This Latin-Latin glossary, the Latin Abrogans, was probably compiled in Italy (possibly in the important southern Italian monastery Vivarium ) from numerous older late antique and early medieval glossaries. The result was a dictionary in which rare expressions, especially those of Biblical Latin, were explained using more common words.
Probably in the old Bavarian diocese of Freising , which was subordinate to Bishop Arbeo (he was bishop from 764 to 783), the dictionary was finally "translated" into German in the second half of the 8th century. Both the Latin keyword and its Latin rendering were glossed over with Old High German equivalents, e.g. B .:
| Latin | Old High German | Latin meaning | Old high German meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| degrad | faterlih | Dept | fatherly |
| Father | fater | father | father |
This was a procedure that in the middle of the 8th century often led to incorrect translations, for example by sliding into other parts of speech. Nevertheless, the Abrogans offers a tremendous amount of material for linguistics that has not yet been fully evaluated. There are around 700 words that cannot be found in any other Old High German text ( Hapax legomena ).
Lore
No copy has been preserved from the time the glossary was created in the 8th century. Only three more recent Alemannic copies of the Bavarian model have survived and are now kept in St. Gallen, Karlsruhe and Paris. The best, albeit mutilated, handwriting is the direct copy of the archetype , which was probably made around 810 in Murbach for Charlemagne ( see Baesecke ) or in Regensburg under Bishop Baturich ( see Bernhard Bischoff ) (Paris, Bibl. Nat., Cod. lat. 7640, f. 124r – 132v). Two parchment fragments, which are said to have been made around the year 800, were found by Martin Haltrich in Admont Abbey in 2012 . The fragments were used for a book cover in the 18th century and stored in a folder by restorers in 1963 and may have come from a bookbinder in Steyr or Graz , who probably had them from monasteries such as Mondsee Monastery .
The Swiss writer Franz Hohler made the German Abrogans the subject of his 2017 novel Das Päckchen . It tells on two levels how a librarian from Zurich accidentally comes into possession of the Abrogans original and how a young Benedictine monk in a monastery near Regensburg writes the Abrogans on parchment on behalf of his abbot and then copies the book as a wandering monk Italy brings so that copies can be made in other monasteries.
literature
- Bernhard Bischoff (Ed.): The "Abrogans" manuscript of the St. Gallen Abbey Library. The oldest German book . Zollikofer, St. Gallen 1977.
- Facsimile .
- Commentary and transcription .
- Jochen Splett: Abrogans German . In: Author's Lexicon . Volume 1. 1978. Col. 12-15.
- Jochen Splett: Abrogans Studies. Commentary on the oldest German dictionary . Steiner, Wiesbaden 1976, ISBN 3-515-02086-1 , (At the same time: Münster, Univ., Habilitation paper, 1972).
- Jochen Splett: Abrogans German. In: Rolf Bergmann (Ed.): Old High German and Old Saxon Literature. de Gruyter, Berlin / Boston 2013, ISBN 978-3-11-024549-3 , pp. 3–8.
Web links
- Abrogans in the manuscript census
- Digital facsimile of the Abrogans manuscript (Cod. Sang. 911) in the digital abbey library of St. Gallen Codices Electronici Sangallenses (CESG)
Remarks
- ↑ Wolfgang Krischke, What does German mean here? Brief history of the German language, p. 25
- ↑ Valuable documents discovered in Admont Abbey on orf.at, accessed on May 12, 2017
- ↑ Sensation from the portfolio, Der Spiegel, No. 20, 2017, pp. 104-105
- ↑ Norbert Regitnig-Tillian: word donation. In: profile . ZDB -ID 511897-9 ISSN 1022-2111 . May 15, 2017. Volume 48, No. 20, pp. 86–89.
- ^ Hohler, Franz: The package: Roman . 1st edition. Munich, ISBN 978-3-630-87559-0 .