Acanthosyris spinescens
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Acanthosyris spinescens |
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| ( Mart. & Eichler ) Griseb. |
Acanthosyris spinescens or the Quebrachillo , Quebracho (flojo) , is a tree in the sandalwood family from northeastern Argentina , Uruguay, and southern to central Brazil .
description
Acanthosyris spinescens grows as a small, often deciduous, slow-growing and thorny tree with a short trunk, up to 6 meters high. The trunk diameter reaches up to 30 centimeters. The thick, brown bark is cracked and furrowed. The thorns are up to 1 centimeter long.
The simple and alternate, bare leaves are short stalked. They are entire, spatulate, obovate, eelance-shaped or eilanceolate to lanceolate and rounded to truncated or indented to rounded-pointed. The leaves are 2–6 centimeters long, up to 1.3 centimeters wide and with a stalk up to 2 millimeters long.
Cymes with few flowers are formed. The small, hermaphroditic and fragrant, short-stalked, green flowers 2-3 millimeters in size are four to five-fold with a simple flower cover , the sepals are missing. The petals are briefly fused with protruding to recessed tips. There are 4–5 short stamens . The ovary is half upper constant a short pen with slightly lobed stigma . There is a fleshy disc with small, elongated, and erect lobes.
There are round, some "frosted", orange to reddish, about 2-3 centimeters, nutty stone fruit ( false fruit ) with crown-, stylus-and discus radicals formed at the top. The core is round and woody, with a large endosperm and a tiny embryo .
Taxonomy
The first description of Basionyms Osyris spinescens took place in 1864 auct by Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius and August Wilhelm Eichler in CFPvon Martius &. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras. 13 (1): 236. The division into the genus Acanthosyris took place in 1879 by August Grisebach in Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen 24: 151. Another synonym is Acanthosyris platensis Speg.
use
The sweet fruits and the "nuts", seeds, are edible. The leaves are used medicinally.
The medium-heavy, fairly durable wood is used for some applications.
literature
- Harri Lorenzi: Árvores Brasileiras. Vol. 3, Instituto Plantarum, 2009, 2011, ISBN 85-86714-33-7 , p. 315, online at StuDocu.
- J. Kuijt, B. Hansen: The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. Vol. XII: Flowering Plants Eudicots , Springer, 2015, ISBN 978-3-319-09295-9 , p. 150 f.
Web links
- Acanthosyris spinescens at Useful Tropical Plants.
- El quebracho flojo (Acanthosyris spinescens): un frutal diferente (PDF; 5.7 MB), Grupo Guayubira, 2010 (Spanish).
- Propiedades sin explorar del quebracho flojo near Todo Uruguay (Spanish).