Eight-point pine jewel beetle
| Eight-point pine jewel beetle | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Eight-spotted pine jewel beetle ( Buprestis octoguttata ) |
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Buprestis octoguttata | ||||||||||||
| Linnaeus , 1758 |
The eight-term punk jewel beetle ( Buprestis octoguttata , Syn. : Buprestis albopunctata Schaeffer, 1776) is a beetle of the family jewel beetles and subfamily of Buprestinae . It is also called the eight-spotted jewel beetle . The nine to eighteen millimeter long animal can be confused with the jewel beetle .
| Images of the eight-spotted pine jewel beetle | |
|
|
| Image 1: from the side | Image 3: Larva of the genus Buprestis |
|
|
| Image 4: from the front | |
|
Fig. 2: Partial view of the underside on the right, partially colored green: Prosternal process of the fore- chest, blue: mid- chest, yellow: rear-chest, orange: rear hips, red: episterns of the rear-chest |
|
| Image 5: from below | |
Like most jewel beetles, the species is specially protected by law in accordance with the Federal Species Protection Ordinance. In the Red List of Endangered Species in Germany and Brandenburg , the species is listed under category 3 (endangered). In Saxony-Anhalt it is considered to be highly endangered , in Rhineland-Palatinate as very rare .
Comments on the name and system
The first description of the species was made by Linnaeus in 1758 as the second species of the 184th genus with the words: Buprestis elytris fastigiatis muticis maculis quatuor albis, corpore caeruleo ( Latin : jewel beetle with pointed wing coverts with four truncated white spots, body blue). This explains the species name octoguttāta (Latin ócto , eight and guttātus, dripped, with eight drop spots).
The genus Buprestis was established by Linnaeus when the binomial nomenclature was introduced . The name was adopted from Linnaeus and can be traced back to well before Linnaeus in entomological literature. However, it was used there in a different sense. Schenkling explains Buprēstis from Old Gr . Bούπρηστις Bōūprestis from βούς, bōūs, beef, and πρήθω, prētho, “I bloat” as the name for a beetle among the Greeks, after which the cattle are supposed to swell up and die. In Theatrum Insectorum of Thomas Muffet (published posthumously in 1634) is a whole chapter Buprestis dedicated. Muffet refers to even older sources and assigns the German name "Quaddler" to Buprestis because touching it causes wheals . Even older images suggest a kind of Mayworm ( Meloë ), but Muffet's images also suggest ground beetles.
As a rule, Linnaeus counts every jewel beetle in the genus Buprestis . Eschscholtz split the genre into many genres in 1829. According to him, only those species remain in the genus Buprestis in which, together with other anatomical features, the label is rounded at the back. Today the genus Buprestis is represented in Europe with fourteen species, twelve of which belong to the same subgenus and two each to a different species. Worldwide there are over a hundred species in ten subgenera.
features
The body is robust and more than twice as long as it is wide. The top is flattened (picture 1, picture 4). The top and bottom are usually steel blue with yellow spots and can occasionally shine green.
Seen from above, the head is much wider than it is long. The indentations into which the antennae are inserted (antennae sockets) are far apart and close to the edge of the eye (Fig. 4). They are small, not deep and not cut off at the edges. The eleven-part feelers are widened inwards from the third link onwards (sawn, Fig. 4). The eyes are large and cover most of the sides of the head. They don't touch the base of the upper jaw. Its rear edge runs parallel to the front edge of the pronotum , but does not lie directly against it. The parting is not narrowed. The upper jaws are strong, slightly curved and two-toothed. The last two jaw buttons are elongated and of the same size. The lip switch end link is egg-shaped and truncated.
The pronotum is narrowed in front to the width of the head, broadest at the base. It is dotted without a smooth median.
The elytra are broader at the base together than the pronotum. They are evenly curved without any indentations. They are gradually pointed towards the middle, the edge is not serrated. They are trimmed at the top and have an inner and an outer tooth. The elytra are striped, the spaces in between are shallow and scattered dotted . Each wing cover has large and angular spots that are symmetrical to each other. As a rule, in contrast to the very similar gold-spotted jewel beetle, the lateral edge of the wing covers behind the shoulder is clearly enlarged and colored yellow near the shoulder (clearly visible in picture 1 at full magnification). The label is small and rounded at the back.
On the underside, the hip cavities of the front chest, into which the front hips are turned, are open to the rear. The spherical front hips are separated by a broad extension of the front chest towards the rear (protosternal process, picture 2: green color). The protosternal process protrudes over the mid-breast (picture 2: blue) and apparently separates it. The rear hips (picture 2: orange) lie wide of the rear breast (picture 2: yellow) and are not expanded inward. They are hollowed out towards the rear to partially accommodate the hind legs. The strong legs all have five-limbed tarsi (tarsi formula 5-5-5). The claws are imperforate. The plate of the exoskeleton lying to the side of the rear chest (posterior episternum, image 2: red) is not covered by a lateral widening of the abdomen.
Habitat and way of life
The eight-point pine jewel beetle inhabits sun-exposed edges of pine forests and loves sandy soils. The larvae live in dead pine; roots, tree stumps and felled trunks are preferred. The adults can be observed on trees, lying dead wood and roots.
distribution
The species can be found in most of Europe, but regionally very rare. The distribution area extends in the north to Denmark , southern Norway , southern Finland and central Sweden . The species is absent from the British Isles and the Netherlands . Further distribution areas are in the Caucasus , Siberia and North Africa .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Buprestis (Buprestis) octoguttata Linnaeus 1758. Fauna Europaea, Version 2.5, March 25, 2013, accessed on March 25, 2013 .
- ↑ Edmund Reitter : Fauna Germanica - The beetles of the German Empire. Volume 3 p. 185, KG Lutz, Stuttgart 1911
- ↑ Fritz Brechtel, Hans Kostenbader (ed.): The splendor and stag beetles of Baden-Württemberg , Eugen Ulmer Verlag Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-8001-3526-4
- ↑ Red lists at BioNetworkX
- ↑ Sigmund Schenkling: Nomenclator coleopterologus 2nd edition Jena 1922 Explanation of the scientific beetle names (species) in short form
- ↑ Sigmund Schenkling: Nomenclator coleopterologus 2nd edition Jena 1922 Explanation of the scientific beetle names (genus) in short form
- ↑ Tho. Movfeti: Insectorum sive minimorum animalium theatrum olim from Edoardo Wottono, Conrado Gesnero, Thomaque Pennio inchoatum T. Cotes, London 1634 Kap XIX page 141
- ↑ Johann-Friedrich Eschscholtz: Zoological Atlas…. 1st issue. Berlin 1829 Division of Buprestis p. 8
- ↑ Buprestis at Fauna Europaea. Retrieved March 25, 2013 Buprestis Buprestis (subgenus) from Fauna Europaea. Retrieved March 25, 2013 Buprestis Cypriacis (subgenus) from Fauna Europaea. Retrieved March 23, 2013 Buprestis pseudyamina (subgenus) from Fauna Europaea. Retrieved March 25, 2013
- ↑ Genus Buprestis at BioLib
- ↑ Jiři Zahradník, Irmgard Jung, Dieter Jung et al .: Käfer Central and Northwest Europe , Parey Berlin 1985, ISBN 3-490-27118-1
literature
- Fritz Brechtel, Hans Kostenbader (eds.): The splendor and stag beetles of Baden-Württemberg , Eugen Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-8001-3526-4
- Edmund Reitter : Fauna Germanica - The beetles of the German Empire. Volume 3 p. 185, KG Lutz, Stuttgart 1911
- Edmund Reitter: Fauna Germanica - The beetles of the German Empire. 5 volumes, Stuttgart KG Lutz 1908–1916, digital library volume 134, Directmedia Publishing GmbH, Berlin 2006, ISBN 3-89853-534-7
- Heinz Joy, Karl Wilhelm Harde, Gustav Adolf Lohse: The beetles of Central Europe . tape 6 : Diversicornia . Spectrum, Heidelberg 1979, ISBN 3-87263-027-X .
- Klaus Koch : The Beetles of Central Europe Ecology . 1st edition. tape 2 . Goecke & Evers, Krefeld 1989, ISBN 3-87263-040-7 . P. 94
