Adelheidis fountain
The Adelheidis fountain (also: St. Adelheidis fountain or Adelheid fountain ) is located in the Bonn district of Pützchen-Bechlinghoven on Adelheidisplatz. The fountain holds a spring that, according to legend, has existed here since 1003. The fountain has existed in its present form since the middle of the 17th century. He has for centuries been an important place of pilgrimage in the region and is associated with the stone cross under monument protection .
history
According to legend, Adelheid von Vilich , who was later canonized and abbess of the abbey established in Vilich in 987 , was supposed to push her abbess's staff into the ground in the drought year 1003 during a procession about two kilometers from her monastery and so for the residents suffering from water shortages have created a source of water. The process is viewed in the Catholic Church as a miracle (source miracle).
Pilgrimage destination
It is unknown when the first pilgrimages to the spring began. Hermits looked after pilgrims here as early as the Middle Ages . Wilhelm Bascha, who lives in the hermitage, is named for the year 1669 . Later a clergyman appointed by the Vilich abbess worked at the well. The Adelheidis Chapel was probably built at the source in the 17th century . In 1688 the Palatine Count Palatine Johann Wilhelm von Pfalz-Neuburg transferred this pilgrimage chapel to the Carmelite Order . The chapel standing here today bears the year 1769. At the beginning of the 18th century the order built the monastery of St. Joseph in Pützchen due to the increase in pilgrims . In 1724 the construction of the monastery and pilgrimage church of St. Adelheid am Pützchen began .
Since the 17th century, the fountain instead of the Vilich St. Adelheidis monastery had increasingly become a destination for pilgrims - after the loss of the Adelheid relics from the St. Peter's collegiate church in the Vilich monastery became known. Among the Carmelites, the pilgrimage was moved from February 5th, the anniversary of Adelheid's death, to September 8th, the feast of the birth of Mary . The pilgrimage octave lasts a week, it begins on Saturdays with the consecration of the fountain and ends on Sunday evening with a light procession . The processions came from near and far; the annual largest procession came from Cologne, the longest distance was covered by believers from France.
As early as the Middle Ages, inns and markets were built around the fountain. From them a fair developed, today one of the largest folk festivals in the Rhineland. Pützchen's market takes place annually in September. Many visitors combine their stay at the festival with a visit to the fountain:
"First it goes to the Brünnchen and then to Pützchen"
At the well, believers traditionally wash their eyes with the well water. The alum-containing water is said to have a healing effect on eye diseases. According to legend, even the blind are said to have regained their sight here.
Scientific assessment
In general, the groundwater in the area is up to twelve meters deep, but in some places aquifers lead to just below the surface of the earth. At the point of the source on the northern slope of the Ennert ridge , such a water-bearing groundwater layer runs above a clay layer in a north-west direction to the mouth of the Sieg . It is possible to pierce the top layer.
A supply of a larger number of people and animals by the source, according to legend, is however not considered realistic. The climatologist Karsten Brandt found in an investigation in 2015 that the spring only releases between six and seven liters of water per minute.
A medically verifiable effect of the water cannot be determined. The water probably comes from a basalt layer north of the Ennert and smells like rotten eggs. This smell arises when sulfate is converted into sulfide , which produces hydrogen sulfide . That is not good for health. A sign “No drinking water” is attached to the well.
Fountain and cross
In 1684 the well was created with a square basin three meters deep. In 1694 it was given a baroque version. A restoration took place in 1864, during which the fountain and spring chamber were probably raised. In 1989 the facility was completely renovated.
A wayside cross over the spring chamber was also erected in 1684. It contained the founder initials and a date from that year. In World War II it was destroyed and replaced by a wooden cross after the war. In 1959 it was restored to its old form. The cross is made of trachyte . It shows the stigmata of Christ in bas-relief , the cross arms are rounded and each has two rings. The founder initials HIWCP are executed in the font Capitalis monumentalis . When it was rebuilt in 1959, the old shape was chosen and the initials were adopted, but the year was left out.
According to Johann Ignaz Schmitz-Reinhart, the inscription means:
"H (ERZOG) I (OHANNES) W (ILHELMVS) C (OMES) P (ALATINVS)"
The interpretation with the reference to Johann Wilhelm von Pfalz-Neuburg as the founder is controversial, since the initials in the interpretation contain a mixture of German and Latin expressions. What is certain is that Johann Wilhelm, as Duke of Jülich and Berg at the time, was the sovereign who had the Adelheidis fountain repaired when the Adelheidis pilgrimage increasingly shifted from the saint's grave in Vilich to Pützchen.
The name Pützchen
The field name and the later name of the district go back to the Adelheidis source. In Rhenish usage, the term Pütz denotes a source; the term is based on the Latin word putues (fountain).
The first documentary mention of the place comes from the year 1367, at that time still without the name Pützchen: "bi sente Aleyde borne" (Adelheidisborn). The current name was first used in 1749 ("Adelheidis Pützgen").
See also
- List of architectural monuments in the Bonn district of Pützchen-Bechlinghoven
- List of crossroads and wayside shrines in the Bonn district of Pützchen-Bechlinghoven
- List of wells by name
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ List of monuments of the city of Bonn (as of March 15, 2019), p. 2, number A 838
- ↑ Merian: Cities and Landscapes , Volume 29, Hoffmann and Campe , 1976, p. 144
- ↑ a b c d e Rainer Schmidt, Monuments in Beuel: Pilgrimage to the miracle source in Pützchen , January 5, 2016, Bonner General-Anzeiger
- ↑ a b 1000th anniversary of the death of Saint Adelheid von Vilich, city patroness of Bonn: festival week, festival year, press releases, information, background , January 15, 2015, press kit of the Catholic city dean of Bonn, pp. 10, 23, 25 ( memento of the original from 16 July 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Historical outline on the website of the Common Living Karmelkloster eV
- ↑ Kevin Lynch, Jadwiga Pilarska, Norbert Schöndeling, Anna Koll-Broser (Red), Monument Preservation Plan Beuel, Stadtentwicklungsplanung Bonn , Bundesstadt Bonn (ed.), Bonn 2003, p. 21
- ^ A b Günther Beyer, Abbess Adelheid, the benevolent saint , January 5, 2001, Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger
- ↑ a b Von Adelheid zu Pützchens Markt , website of the Catholic city dean of Bonn
- ↑ Richard Bongartz, In the Adelheidisbrunnen stands the water , 23 August 2011, Bonner General-Anzeiger
- ^ A b Dieter Brockschnieder, Pützchens Markt: The Myth of the Adelheidis Fountain , March 3, 2015, Kölnische Rundschau
- ↑ a b Kevin Lynch, Jadwiga Pilarska, Norbert Schöndeling, Anna Koll-Broser (Red), Monument Preservation Plan Beuel, Stadtentwicklungsplanung Bonn , Bundesstadt Bonn (ed.), Bonn 2003, p. 24f
- ^ Helga Giersiepen, Die Insschriften der Stadt Bonn , Volume 4 of German inscriptions: Düsseldorfer Reihe , L. Reichert, 2000, p. 208
- ↑ a b Helga Giersiepen, www.inschriften.net, DI 50, Bonn, No. 388 †
- ↑ Johann Ignatz Schmitz-Reinhard was local editor at Bonner General-Anzeiger, bookseller, co-founder of the local history and history association Beuel am Rhein and Beueler Heimatforscher, gem. Hagen Haas, Beueler Buchhandlung Schmitz-Reinhard closes after 60 years , June 30, 2008, Bonner General-Anzeiger
- ^ Johann Ignaz Schmitz-Reinhart, Pützchens Markt: On the history of the time-honored pilgrimage to St. Adelheid and the fair at Pützchen , in: Studies on the local history of the city of Beuel am Rhein , Volume 9, Beuel 1967, p. 50
- ↑ Josef Niesen, Significant Events: The stone cross was erected at the Adelheidisbrunnen 330 years ago, June 23, 2014, blog on the Historisches Bonn website
- ↑ 25 years of local associations Pützchen-Bechlinghoven ( Memento of the original from July 17, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Festschrift, Peter Heidinger (responsible), 1989
Coordinates: 50 ° 44 ′ 34.5 " N , 7 ° 8 ′ 57.4" E