Admiralty
In the past, the Admiralty was the supreme command authority of many navies . Today, expressions such as admiral staff , naval staff or similar formulations are often used instead . The term admiralty is derived from the naval rank of admiral and can be used to denote his staff as well as the assembly of admirals in a navy. The latter corresponds to the designation generals for the totality of generals in the army.
Functions
The admiralty has similar functions to a general staff . It implements political guidelines in military measures and planning. These include a .:
- Force planning
- Mobilization planning
- Resource planning
- Operations management
- logistics
- education
- Personnel planning
- Expedition planning
The management of military operations, on the other hand, is usually carried out by subordinate bodies such as B. taken over by a fleet command.
Germany
In Brandenburg there was an admiralty for the Kurbrandenburg Navy, which existed only for a short time at the end of the 17th century .
In 1853, an admiralty for the Prussian Navy was created in Prussia . The first head of the Admiralty was the then Prime Minister Otto Theodor von Manteuffel . In 1859 the admiralty was dissolved and divided into the naval administration and the naval high command .
After the founding of the empire in 1872, the Prussian Navy Ministry created the Imperial Admiralty for the Imperial Navy . After Wilhelm II took office in 1889, the Admiralty was dissolved again and divided into the Navy Cabinet , the High Command of the Navy and the Reichsmarineamt . From 1919 to 1921 the Admiralty was created again to replace the dissolved Reichsmarineamt. The successor to this admiralty was the naval command in 1921 .
In the German Navy today, essential tasks of an admiralty are performed by the naval command staff in the Federal Ministry of Defense .
England - Great Britain - United Kingdom
Around 1400, the post of Lord High Admiral was created in England, who was responsible for the operational management and control of the fleet. In 1546 the Council of the Marine was set up, which later became the Navy Board to oversee administrative affairs of the fleet.
The office of Lord High Admiral was often awarded on commission; That is, the business of office was taken over by a committee, the Board of Admiralty , with Lords Commissioner of the Admiralty as members. It was chaired by the First Lord of the Admiralty .
The Board of Admiralty was composed of admirals, who were referred to as Naval Lords or Sea Lords , and civilians, mostly well-known politicians. The First Lord of the Admiralty as chairman was usually a member of the cabinet, and after 1806 always a civilian. The operational management of the navy took over a member of the Royal Navy as First Sea Lord .
In 1831 the Navy Board was abolished. His duties were now performed by the Board of Admiralty. In 1964, the Admiralty, which was the War Office and the Air Ministry in the United Kingdom Ministry of Defense combined.
Others
In the early modern period , the authorities of smaller German city-states responsible for the protection of shipping and the security of port operations also referred to themselves as admiralty without an admiral having to belong to them. One example of this is the Hamburg Admiralty . In the Dutch Republic of the Seven United Provinces there were a total of five admiralty offices (Amsterdam, Rotterdam, Friesland, Noorderkwartier and Zeeland).
The building that houses this institution is also often referred to as the admiralty , for example the admiralty in Saint Petersburg .
