Adolf Knappwost

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Adolf Knappwost

Adolf Knappwost (born April 29, 1913 in Hanover ; † June 1, 2007 in Alfeld (Leine) ) was a German physical chemist. He was best known for his research into alternative treatment methods in dentistry . Among other things, the endodontic procedure for depotphoresis, which can be seen as an alternative to classic root canal treatment, comes from him .

Life

Knappwost studied physics and chemistry at the Technical University in Hanover from 1932 to 1938 as a scholarship holder of the German National Academic Foundation . After receiving his doctorate in 1940 under Hans Nowotny at the TH Karlsruhe , he was given leave of absence after only a short period of war in 1942 at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Metal Research in Stuttgart . He also completed his habilitation in Karlsruhe in 1943. In 1945 he became an employee of the Institut de Recherches Scientifique Tettnang .

At the University of Tübingen , he headed the establishment of a department for physical chemistry and materials science at the Dental Institute from 1948, which was under the direction of Hans-Hermann Rebel . In addition to research on iontophoresis in endodontics , he devoted himself to caries prophylaxis , especially caries prophylaxis with fluorides . Already in 1950 he was convinced , similar to Walter Drum and Hans Joachim Schmidt before : "We don't need to wait any more attempts, we need the insight that our civilization diet is too low in fluorine ." He led his fundamental findings in the field of caries research in resistance theory. After silicate cement fillings had proven to be harmful to the pulp due to their fluoride content, Knappwost developed underfillings for pulp protection, which he patented. In addition, he developed a so-called “fluorine can” that can be connected to the tap in the household in order to add a fluoride concentration favorable for caries prophylaxis to the water. His fluoride-containing chewing gum for caries prophylaxis, developed for the company Kauvit Chemische Fabrik GmbH in Sulzbach-Rosenberg, was tested on apprentice bakers in Ludwigshafen at the suggestion of the German Fluorine Commission from February 1954. The Kauvit company provided 15,000 “fluorine-containing karivit” papers for this purpose. In 1953 he was one of the founding members of the European Working Group for Fluorine Research and Caries Prophylaxis (ORCA) . For his lecture given at the ORCA meeting in Malmö in 1957, he received the ORCA Rolex Prize (one of the 30 gold Rolex watches donated by Rolex in 1956) alongside Yngve Ericsson and government chemical advisor KE Quentin.

As a successor to the Nobel Prize winner Otto Stern , he was appointed professor at the Institute for Physical Chemistry at the University of Hamburg in 1960 . There he remained director until his retirement in 1981 and supervised e.g. Some of the doctoral students in dentistry, including some who later also completed their habilitation.

For his work in dentistry, he was awarded an honorary doctorate in dentistry by the Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen in 1984. In addition to the ORCA, several stomatological societies made the physico-chemist an honorary member, including the Yugoslav Society for Stomatology in 1955 (Marshal Tito was also successfully treated with a forerunner of Depotphoresis) and in 1988 the Russian Society for Stomatology.

Other research areas outside of dentistry were tribology , magnetism , but also other medical phenomena, such as B. the dissolution of kidney stones .

He was on several international appointment lists - including Vienna and Graz - and has positions from various universities, e.g. B. Ohio State , Düsseldorf and Jena rejected.

After his retirement he worked as a scientific consultant for the company Humanchemie GmbH in Alfeld.

Honors

  • 1955: Appointment as honorary member of the Stomatological Society of Yugoslavia
  • 1958: Awarded the ORCA Prize for his lecture given in Malmö in 1957 on the phosphate / silicate exchange in apatite
  • 1984: Awarded the honorary doctorate Dr. hc med. dent. from the dental faculty of the University of Tübingen for his groundbreaking work in the field of dentistry
  • 1998. Appointment as an honorary member of the Stomatological Society of Russia

literature

  • A. Knappwost: The fluorine ion as a natural component of the hard tooth substance . Zymafluor Résumé No. 3, Zyma AG, Nyon; Dental Practice No. 12 (1950) 42
  • A. Knappwost: On the kinetics of the formation of hydroxylapatite cover layers (remineralization) on tooth enamel surfaces. In: Journal of Electrochemistry and Applied Physical Chemistry. Volume 55, 1951, pp. 586-590.
  • A. Knappwost: Long-lasting ionophoresis with a galvanic pin element. In: DZZ - Deutsche Zahnärztliche Zeitschrift / German Dental Journal. Volume 6, 1951, p. 63
  • A. Knappwost: Basics of the resistance theory of caries with a contribution on the caries-inhibiting effect of oral fluorine administration . German dentist Magazine 7: No. 12 (June 1952) 670
  • A. Knappwost: To the knowledge of the local fluoridation by fluorides, fluorosilicates and fluoridated toothpastes. In: DZZ - Deutsche Zahnärztliche Zeitschrift / German Dental Journal. Volume 7, No. 12, 1952, pp. 681-692
  • A. Knappwost: The basics of the depot ionophoresis method. In: DZZ - Deutsche Zahnärztliche Zeitschrift / German Dental Journal. Volume 7, 1953, pp. 359-370
  • A. Knappwost: Root canal treatment as a physico-chemical problem. In: DZZ - Deutsche Zahnärztliche Zeitschrift / German Dental Journal. Volume 10, 1955, p. 756
  • A. Knappwost, E. Effinger: Experimental studies on the resistance theory of caries. In: DZZ - Deutsche Zahnärztliche Zeitschrift / German Dental Journal. Volume 11, No. 12, 1956, pp. 669-678
  • A. Knappwost, J. Westendorf: Fluorine ion uptake and vagotonia. About the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by fluorine ions . Natural Sciences 60 (1973) 353
  • A. Knappwost, J. Westendorf: For the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by fluoride . Natural Sciences 61 (1974) 274
  • A. Knappwost, J. Westendorf: Inhibition of cholinesterases by fluorocomplexes of silicon and iron . Natural Sciences 61 (1974) 275
  • R. Fraber, A. Knappwost, HG Rudelt: Simulation experiments for depotphoresis. In: DZZ - Deutsche Zahnärztliche Zeitschrift / German Dental Journal. Volume 32, 1977, pp. 460-462
  • A. Knappwost: New developments for depot ionophoresis of copper compounds. In: DZZ - Deutsche Zahnärztliche Zeitschrift / German Dental Journal. Volume 32, 1977, pp. 463-465
  • A. Knappwost: Mineral enamel sealing for caries prophylaxis, its basics and possibilities. In: DZZ - Deutsche Zahnärztliche Zeitschrift / German Dental Journal. Volume 33, 1978, pp. 192-195
  • A. Knappwost: The depotphoresis method with copper-calcium hydroxide, the alternative in endodontics that leads to systematic healing. In: ZWR - Das Deutsche Zahnärzteblatt. Volume 9, 1993, pp. 618-624
  • A. Knappwost: The cupral depotphoresis, another principle in endodontics. In: Stomatology. September 2002, pp. A30-a35

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ A. Knappwost: The fluorine ion as a natural component of the hard tooth substance. Dental Practice No. 12 (1950) 42 and Zymafluor Résumé No. 3, Zyma AG, Nyon. Insert in the Zyma-Journal, June 1950.
  2. ↑ A. Knappwost: Lecture at the dental conference in Ulm from 15. – 17. June 1951. Dentist World 6: No. 14 (1951) 343-344
  3. ↑ A. Knappwost: Fundamentals of the resistance theory of caries with a contribution on the caries-inhibiting effect of oral fluorine administration. German dentist Magazine 7 (1952) 670
  4. ↑ P. Heyden: Experimental studies on the question of pulp damage by fluorine. Stoma No. 3 (1949); Experimental investigations for the detection of fluorine extractable by water in the set silicate. Stoma No. 3 (1950) 197; as well as earlier work from the USA
  5. ↑ A. Knappwost: Underfilling material for tooth fillings. U.S. Patent 2,656,277 issued Oct. 20, 1953, incorporated. on December 14, 1950
  6. ↑ A. Knappwost: Process for the production of an adhesive underfilling material for dental fillings based on calcium hydroxide. German patent 847185, dated August 21, 1952, incorporated. on December 21, 1949
  7. ↑ A. Knappwost: Process for the production of alkaline cements for dental purposes. German patent 858296, dated December 4, 1952, incorporated. on August 12, 1951
  8. ↑ H. Schlegel: Further aspects of fluorine medication as a caries prophylaxis. Dental Message. 40 (1952) 11
  9. ↑ A. Knappwost: Process for the production of dental care products. German patent 1014290, dated August 22, 1957, incorporated. on December 9, 1952
  10. ↑ German Fluorine Commission. Dental Message. 42 (1954) 235
  11. ↑ Duschner H .: Early History of ORCA
  12. ^ Rudolf Jeanneret: 4th ORCA meeting in Malmö (June 14th to 17th, 1957) . Swiss Monthly Journal of Dentistry 67 (1957) 1167
  13. ↑ Else Mann: Campaign against dental caries. Report on the 5th Orca Congress in Brussels from 29.5.58 to 2.6.58 . Dental World / Reform 59 (1958) 428
personal data
SURNAME Knappwost, Adolf
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German physical chemist
DATE OF BIRTH April 29, 1913
PLACE OF BIRTH Hanover
DATE OF DEATH June 1, 2007
Place of death Alfeld (leash)