Adriaan de Groot

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Adrianus Dingeman de Groot

Adrianus Dingeman (Adriaan) de Groot (born October 26, 1914 in Santpoort, a district of Velsen , Netherlands ; † August 14, 2006 on Schiermonnikoog ) was a Dutch psychologist and chess player . He is considered to be a pioneer in cognitive psychology and stood out in particular through his investigations into the thought processes involved in chess.

Life

At the University of Amsterdam de Groot taught from 1950 to 1965 as a professor of psychology and from 1965 to 1980 as a professor of social science methodology ; from 1979 he worked as an associate professor at the University of Groningen .

In his youth he had achieved success as a strong amateur chess player and was part of the Dutch team at the unofficial Chess Olympiad in Munich in 1936 and the 1937 ( Stockholm ) and 1939 ( Buenos Aires ) Olympics .

He became known scientifically through his years of research in the field of chess psychology . His doctoral thesis Het haben van den schaker , which was translated into English in 1965 ( Thought and choice in chess ), examined the cognitive requirements and thought processes of chess players of all categories. The participants in his experiments usually had to solve a chess problem under supervision and at the same time verbally comment on their thinking processes.

One focus of the knowledge gained was on understanding the processes during the first few seconds after looking at a new chess position. He distinguished between a still relatively general “orientation phase”, an “exploration phase” in which concrete moves are calculated for the first time, the “investigation” or deepening phase in which a plausible move (candidate move) is analyzed, and finally the “confirmation phase” ", In which the test person insures himself about his correct choice of move.

De Groot agreed with his scientific predecessor Alfred Binet on the importance of visual memory and visual imagination for the level of chess. He also worked out the benefit of memory performance based on extensive practical chess experience.

Works

  • Thought and choice in chess (1965)
  • Saint Nicholas, A psychoanalytic study of his history and myth (1965)
  • Methodology. Foundations of inference and research in the behavioral sciences (1969).
  • Perception and memory in chess: Heuristics of the professional eye (1996; together with Fernand Gobet and Riekent Jongman).

literature

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Groot, Adriaan de
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Groot, Adrianus Dingeman de (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Dutch psychologist and chess player
DATE OF BIRTH October 26, 1914
PLACE OF BIRTH Santpoort, Velsen , Netherlands
DATE OF DEATH August 14, 2006
Place of death Schiermonnikoog