Ahmed Urabi Pasha
Ahmed Urabi ( Arabic أحمد عرابي; * April 1, 1841 in Sharkiyeh Province ; † September 21, 1911 in Cairo ), also called Arabi Pascha , Aarabi Pascha Achmed or Ahmed Orabi , was an Egyptian officer and politician and in 1882 the leader of the Urabi movement .
Life
Ahmed Urabi comes from an Egyptian family of Bedouin origin. His father was a village sheikh with landed property. This enabled him to get a good education and to attend al-Azhar University . After four years at the university, he joined the Egyptian army . Through the protection of the Khedive Muhammad Said , who preferred Egyptian officers to Turkish ones, he achieved the rank of captain at the age of 23 . Under Ismail Pasha, however, his career stagnated. He was removed from the army, but set again for the war against Abyssinia (1874-76). He was released again because of an intrigue against him. Only under the Khedive Tawfiq was he promoted to colonel of a guard regiment in 1880 .
In the autumn of 1881, when the country came under international financial control after the financial ruin of Egypt under Ismail Pasha, unrest broke out in the country. As a result, the new Khedive Tawfiq had to dismiss his Prime Minister Riaz Pascha. Sharif Pasha became the new prime minister. Ahmed Urabi, appointed Minister of War in February 1882, became the real ruler . Under the motto Egypt, he called for the Egyptians to abolish European financial control. Under pressure from the British and French, the Khedive deposed Urabi, who had meanwhile been appointed pasha, on May 22, 1882. In a popular uprising, Urabi Pasha seized the power again and proclaimed himself head of the national party. From July to September 1882 he was Prime Minister.
Urabi Pasha incited the people against the strangers, so that June 11th in Alexandria there was bloody excesses against them. British warships then shelled the city. In September, British troops under General Wolseley landed in Egypt to quell the uprising. On September 13, Urabi Pasha's army was defeated in the battle of Tel-el-Kebir . He himself was captured by Drury Curzon Drury-Lowe in Cairo on September 14th . Urabi Pasha was sentenced to death by the Egyptian government, but exiled to Ceylon at the urging of the British . It was not until October 8, 1901, after almost twenty years of exile, that Urabi Pasha was able to return from exile with the permission of the British government.
Urabi Pasha died in Cairo on September 21, 1911.
Since Egypt only came into quasi-colonial dependence after the suppression of the Urabi movement, Urabi Pasha was later venerated as a patriot, especially under Gamal Abdel Nasser .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Polson Newman: Great Britain's Battle for Egypt, p. 46
- ↑ Michael Barthorp: Blood-red desert sand. The British invasions of Egypt and the Sudan 1882–1998 . Cassell, London 2002, ISBN 0-304-36223-9 .
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Urabi Pasha, Ahmed |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Arabi Pasha; Orabi Pasha |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Egyptian officer and leader of the Urabi movement |
| DATE OF BIRTH | April 1, 1841 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Sharkiyeh Province |
| DATE OF DEATH | September 21, 1911 |
| Place of death | Cairo |