Aklansk

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Aklansk ( Акланск ) on a map (around 1802)

Aklansk (Russian: Акланский острог) was a Russian Ostrog (a fortified settlement) on the Aklan River (also Chajachla or Oklan ) in the Kamchatka Region .

founding

Representation of a Chukchi family by Ludwig Choris (1816)

The town was founded by Vladimir Atlasov as a base for collecting taxes from indigenous tribes, based on the old Mongolian laws of the Jassa . Aklansk was initially little more than a hamlet fortified with wood , which was burned down several times by the Chukchi and especially the Koryaks . The closest place was the Ostrog Anadyrsk on the middle reaches of the Anadyr . Around 1680 there was exactly one log house in Aklansk with two barracks , one for captured Cossacks and one for hostages , mostly Koryaks unwilling to pay. Next to the house was a cabin for storing sable hides.

history

Aklansk coat of arms from October 26, 1790

In 1705 the Ostrog was besieged by Koryaks, but horrified when help arrived from Yakutsk in 1706 . The next siege followed in 1714, which ended unsuccessfully in 1716. In 1743, a new square ostrog with a length of 32 meters (15 sashes ) on each side and a height of 4 meters (2 sashes) was built at the mouth of the Aklan River by a Cossack division led by Ivan Yenisseisk. The ostrog housed the headquarters of the military commander, barracks, a warehouse for the Jassa taxes and two barns.

From November 1745 to March 1746 the Ostrog was again besieged by Koryaks, who, however, withdrew. After another attack, there weren't enough men left to defend the fort. There was a rebellion of the Koryaks, in which many Cossacks were killed and their fortresses were burned. In 1751, a Russian force of 407 men took revenge from Anadyrsk, leaving hundreds of Koryaks dead. After a series of more skirmishes, the Koryaks surrendered for good in 1757, after about half of their population had been wiped out.

Around 1785, the Cossacks tried again to find a suitable place for a new fort on the Penzjina River , but it failed bloodily. A year later, on the orders of Commander Reineken, Fort Aklansk was rebuilt on the Aklan River, and a number of administrative functions were outsourced from Tigil , where they had previously been temporarily housed since 1782.

However, in 1804, Kamchatka Oblast was established and administrative functions were concentrated in Nishne-Kamchatka. The outposts Gischiginsk and Aklansk were therefore abandoned and the fortifications destroyed.

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ cf. von Ditmar (1900), p. 122

Coordinates: 62 ° 34 ′ 0 ″  N , 166 ° 38 ′ 0 ″  E