Franz Franzewitsch Reineken

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Franz Franzewitsch Reineken (born January 27, 1746 in Vyborg ; † February 7, 1821 in Grothusenshof) was a German-Baltic officer in the Russian service, civil governor of Kamchatka around 1784, councilor in Riga from 1802, and the father of Michael von Reineke .

Origin and family

Franz Franzewitsch Reineken (or Reineke ) was one of the numerous descendants (at least 11, or even 14 children) of the justice, commercial and police mayor of Vyborg , Franz Reineken (* August 6, 1696 Walk, † January 11, 1760 in Grothusenshof), and his second wife Anna Elisabeth Kiesel (* 1711; † October 17, 1801 Grothusenshof). In April 1780 he married the daughter of a Russian artillery captain, Marfa Vasilievna Lipovtsova (1764–1801), with whom he in turn had numerous children, including the later researcher and Vice Admiral Michael von Reineke.

Active military career

After graduating from the Land Cadet Corps in St. Petersburg , Franz Franzewitsch Reineken was in the Rostov infantry regiment from 1759 and was wounded three times in the war against the Turks on the left shoulder, chest and right leg. He was finally dismissed from the army in 1777 as a secondary major. Perhaps as a sequel to a possible exile or to support the military garrison there, he came to the Kamchatka Peninsula from 1779.

Service as commander in Kamchatka

Illustration from Krasheninnikov's The history of Kamchatka and the Kurilski Islands (1755)

From October 12, 1773 to March 14, 1779, the commandant of the Kamchatka was Major Matthäus (Matwei) Karpowitsch Böhm (independent commander of all 3 Kamchatk Ostroge, the fortress Tigil and Ishiginsk, the Aleutian and Kuril Islands), then the captain Wassilij Schmalef, subordinated to Colonel Koslof Ogurin in Okhotsk, who was then in command of the Kamchatka for a short time. From 1780, or perhaps more correctly 1781, on September 11th, Major Franz Franzewitsch Reineken was appointed commander and civil governor of Kamchatka, where he lived in Bolsheetsk and Nizhne-Kamchatsk (1780 to 1786). In his office he was the actual founder of these settlements through the establishment of an effective administration, police station and the appointment of officials, especially since the inhabitants of that time had previously lived more freely in nature. Reineken was remembered as a strict commanding officer and his main merit was the introduction of cattle breeding and agriculture (especially potato and vegetable cultivation) in the area entrusted to him. The annual income was 24,000 rubles, of which 523 were to be paid to different officials. Reineken renewed the Ostrog Aklansk against the Chukchi and Koryaks . The country was divided into the Aklansk and Nishne-Kamchatsk districts in 1783. In 1784 the Kamchatka became an oblast , an independent administrative unit under the sovereignty of the civil servants in Irkutsk, and soon afterwards Reineken was recalled. Successor as the commander was again Captain Wassilij Schmalef, depending on Colonel Koslof Ogurin, based in Okhotsk . After Koslof, the commandant Colonel Andrei Andrejewitsch Ssomof followed in 1799, also based in Okhotsk.

Enfeoff with the Grothusenshof

From 1786 to 1798 Franz Reinecken was then an administrator in Irkutsk . Then he moved back to Livonia, where he was able to live in his own mansion in 1801, after an imperial fief, still by Tsar Paul I , with the Grothusenshof in the district of Wenden . The Grothusenshof had already been leased by his father of the same name, the Mayor of Justice Franz Reineke, around 1750 after his retirement from his offices in Vyborg (allegedly with the help of a rival in the Vyborg City Council, who criticized Franz as “efficient and capable, but arrogant and arbitrary” and him 3000 rubles should have paid severance payment for the resignation). After his youngest son Michail was born there on November 10, 1801 and his wife died shortly afterwards, Franz Franzewitsch Reineke worked as a councilor in Riga in 1802. Later in 1841 his descendants pawned the Grothusenshof estate for 17,445 silver rubles.

Web links and literature

  • Astaf von Transehe-Roseneck : in contributions to the history of the Reinken family. - Yearbook for Genealogy, Heraldry and Sphragistics (Kurländische Gesellschaft für Literatur und Kunst) 1905. Mitau: Printed by JF Steffenhagen and Son, 1906. pp. 110–114 digitized , accessed March 30, 2020
  • Gawriil Andrejewitsch Sarytschew (1810): Collection of Modern and Contemporary Voyages and Travels , Volume 2, Ed .: Richard Phillips, London 1810. Digitized page 65, accessed on April 9, 2020
  • Karl von Ditmar (1900): Travel and stay in Kamchatka in the years 1851–1855: Second part General information about Kamchatka . Digitized as PDF , reprint, edited by Michael Dürr, Verlag der Kulturstiftung Sibirien, SEC Publications, page 122, accessed on April 9, 2020
  • Яковченко, С. К. (2012): Рейнеке - не только Лис (Yakovchenko, Sergej: Reinecke - not only fox ; published as PDF on issuu.com , Copenhagen 2012. p. 192), accessed on March 18, 2020.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Russian source on Vita , accessed April 9, 2020
  2. ↑ Astaf von Transehe: Yearbook for Genealogy, Heraldry and Sphragistics 1905; P. 110
  3. ^ PDF after Karl von Ditmar: Travel and stay in Kamchatka in the years 1851-1855: General ... ; P. 122
  4. ↑ cf. Yakovchenko (2012) p. 14
personal data
SURNAME Reineken, Franz Franzewitsch
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Reinken, Franz Franzewitsch von; Reineke, Franz Franzewitsch
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German-Baltic officer and provincial commander
DATE OF BIRTH January 27, 1746
PLACE OF BIRTH Vyborg , Livonia
DATE OF DEATH February 7, 1821
Place of death Grothusenshof