Stepan Petrovich Krasheninnikov
Stepan Krasheninnikov ( Russian Степан Петрович Крашенинников ., Scientific transliteration Stepan Petrovich Krašeninnikov ; born October 31, jul. / 11. November 1711 greg. In Moscow ; † February 25 jul. / 8. March 1755 greg. In Saint Petersburg ) was a Russian explorer and geographer. In the middle of the 18th century he wrote the first complete description of the Russian Kamchatka Peninsula .
Life
Krasheninnikov was born in 1711 as the son of a soldier in the life guards of the Russian Tsar . From 1724 to 1732 he studied at the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy in Moscow and learned the Greek and Latin languages during this time. There the famous Russian scientist Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonossow was his school friend. He continued his education at the University in St Petersburg continued and studied physics, geography and science.
From 1733 to 1736 he took part as a student in the Great Nordic Expedition (also: Second Kamchatka Expedition ), a large-scale, long-term research expedition to Siberia that was carried out on the initiative of Peter I.
From 1737 to 1741 Krasheninnikov traveled to Kamchatka at the instigation of the German Siberian researchers Johann Georg Gmelin and Gerhard Friedrich Müller , who had also participated as academy members in the Great Nordic Expedition .
After returning to Moscow, he created detailed depictions of the plants and animals of Siberia. He also described the language and culture of the indigenous peoples of the Itelmens and Koryaks . These descriptions appeared only after his death.
Well after looking through his materials of his research and preparing for the publication of his two-volume work Description of the Land of Kamchatka , Krasheninnikov suddenly died on February 25, 1755 in Saint Petersburg.
Works
- Описание земли Камчатки , Sankt Petersburg 1755, Volume 1 and Volume 2 as digitized versions of the Lower Saxony State and University Library in Göttingen (published in 1764 in an English translation by James Grieve as The history of Kamchatka and the Kurilski Islands with the countries adjacent )
Honors
- The 1856 m high volcano Krasheninnikow on Kamchatka is named after him.
- In 1772 the plant genus of the Hornmelden ( Krascheninnikovia Gueldenst. ) From the foxtail family (Amaranthaceae) was named after him as an honor .
- He is also the namesake for Krasheninnikov Peak in Queen Maud Land, Antarctica.
- The asteroid (14069) Krasheninnikov also bears his name.
literature
- Stepan Krasheninnikov . In: Энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона - Enziklopeditscheski slowar Brokgausa i Jefrona . tape 16 a [32]: Коялович – Кулон. Brockhaus-Efron, Saint Petersburg 1895, p. 602 (Russian, full text [ Wikisource ] PDF ).
Individual evidence
- ↑ Lotte Burkhardt: Directory of eponymous plant names . Extended Edition. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Free University Berlin Berlin 2018. [1]
Web links
- Biography on the website of the Russian Museum of Anthropology and Ethnology
- Biography on peoples.ru
- English edition of his descriptions, 1764
- French edition of his descriptions, 1770
- Article Stepan Krasheninnikov in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (BSE) , 3rd edition 1969–1978 (Russian)
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Krasheninnikov, Stepan Petrovich |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Krašeninnikov, Stepan Petrovič; Крашенинников, Степан Петрович (Russian) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Russian explorer and geographer |
| DATE OF BIRTH | November 11, 1711 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Moscow |
| DATE OF DEATH | March 8, 1755 |
| Place of death | St. Petersburg |