Horn reporting
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| Gueldenst. |
The Hornmelden ( Krascheninnikovia ) are a genus of plants in the foxtail family (Amaranthaceae). It is characterized by dense hair with star hair.
description
Vegetative characteristics
The krascheninnikovia species are upright subshrubs or shrubs . The parts of the plant have dense hairs made up of branched star hairs and unbranched multicellular hairs ( trichomes ).
The alternate leaves stand individually or in tufts and are stalked to almost sessile. The flat, non-fleshy leaf blade is linear-lanceolate to ovate and with entire margins, wedge-shaped, truncated or slightly heart-shaped at the base.
Inflorescences and flowers
Hornmelden species are single- sexed ( monoecious ) or dioecious ( dioecious ). The male flowers are clustered into several and form interrupted spiked or cape inflorescences without bracts . Male flowers contain four egg-shaped to elliptical, membranous, hairy on the back bracts and four stamens with elongated anthers, which protrude from the inflorescence. The female flowers stand singly or in pairs in the leaf axils and are enveloped by two dense star-haired bracteoles, which in the lower part grow together to form a tube, are compressed or slightly keeled and have four horn-like tips. Female flowers do not have an inflorescence, but only contain a hairy ovary and a short stylus that ends in two elongated, thread-like stigmas.
Fruit and seeds
The fruit, enclosed by the bracts, is silky hairy, elliptical to obovate and compressed. The membranous pericarp does not adhere to the seed. The vertical, egg-shaped seed has a brown, membranous, hairy seed coat. The embryo encloses the abundant nutrient tissue in a horseshoe to semi-circular shape.
Chromosome number
The basic chromosome number is x = 9. In Krascheninnikovia ceratoides , the number of chromosomes is 2n = 36. In Krascheninnikovia lanata 2n = 18 and 2n = 36 were found.
ecology
Krascheninnikovia lanata is a food plant for the butterfly caterpillars of the dwarf moth Bucculatrix eurotiella .
Occurrence
The Hornmelden species are predominantly found in Eurasia , only one or two species occur in North America . In Europe only the European horned horn ( Krascheninnikovia ceratoides ) is native to Eastern Europe and parts of Southern Europe . As a relic of the Ice Age cold steppe , it rarely occurs in Austria .
Systematics
The genus Krascheninnikovia was established in 1772 by Johann Anton Güldenstädt (in: Novi Commentarii Academiae Scientiarum Imperalis Petropolitanae , 16, p. 551). The generic name Krascheninnikovia honors the Russian botanist Stepan Petrovich Krascheninnikov . The type species is Krascheninnikovia ceratoides (L.) Gueldenst.
Synonyms of Krascheninnikovia Gueldenst. are Eurotia Adans. (nom.illegit.) and Ceratoides Gagnebin (nom.rej.). The actually older name Ceratoides was rejected because it only cites a description of Tournefort written before Linnaeus times, but which contains the type of the related genus Ceratocarpus .
According to phylogenetic studies, the genus Krascheninnikovia belongs to the tribe Axyrideae in the subfamily Chenopodioideae of the family Amaranthaceae .
The genus of Hornmelden ( Krascheninnikovia ) includes about three to seven species:
- Krascheninnikovia arborescens (Losinsk.) Czerep. : It is native to China.
- European Hornmelde ( Krascheninnikovia ceratoides (L.) Gueldenst. , Including Krascheninnikovia lenensis (Kumin.) Tzvelev ): It is distributed from Europe to East Asia.
- Krascheninnikovia compacta (Losinsk.) Grubov : It occurs in China and Tajikistan.
- Krascheninnikovia eversmanniana (Stschegl. Ex Losinsk.) Grubov : It occurs from Kazakhstan to the Chinese Xinjiang.
- Krascheninnikovia fruticulosa (Pazij.) Czerep. : It is common in Asia.
- Krascheninnikovia lanata (Pursh) A.Meeuse & A.Smit : It is native to North America.
- Krascheninnikovia pungens (Popov) Czerep. : It is common in Asia.
supporting documents
- Noel H. Holmgren: Krascheninnikovia , p. 307 - the same text online as the printed work In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 4: Magnoliophyta: Caryophyllidae, part 1 . Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 2003, ISBN 0-19-517389-9 (English). (Sections Description, Chromosome Number, Occurrence)
- Krascheninnikovia - online . In: Helmut Freitag et al .: Chenopodiaceae . In: Flora of Pakistan , Volume 204 - Missouri Botanical Garden Press & University of Karachi. (Sections Description, Occurrence)
- Gelin Zhu, Sergei L. Mosyakin & Steven E. Clemants: Krascheninnikovia , p. 358 - online with the same text as the printed work . In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China . Volume 5: Ulmaceae through Basellaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2003, ISBN 1-930723-27-X (English). (Sections description, occurrence, systematics)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Entry in Tropicos , accessed February 21, 2012
- ^ Gaden S. Robinson, Phillip R. Ackery, Ian J. Kitching, George W. Beccaloni & Luis M. Hernández: Entry at HOSTS - A Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants , accessed on February 21, 2012.
- ↑ a b Pertti Uotila, 2011: Chenopodiaceae (pro parte majore): Krascheninnikovia - In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity , accessed on February 21, 2012.
- ↑ Europa-Hornmelde at Botanik im Bild - Flora von Österreich , 2005.
- ↑ Gudrun Kadereit, Evgeny V. Mavrodiev, Elizabeth H. Zacharias & Alexander P. Sukhorukov: Molecular phylogeny of Atripliceae (Chenopodioideae, Chenopodiaceae): Implications for systematics, biogeography, flower and fruit evolution, and the origin of C4 Photosynthesis , In: American Journal of Botany , Volume 97 (10), 2010, pp. 1664-1687.
- ↑ Entry in GRIN , accessed February 21, 2012
- ↑ Review of The Plant List of Accepted Species , accessed February 21, 2012.
