al-Hasan ibn Muhammad as-Saghānī

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Abū l-Fadā'il Radīy ad-Dīn al-Hasan ibn Muhammad as-Saghānī ( Arabic أبو الفضائل رضي الدين الحسن بن محمد الصغاني, DMG Abū l-Faḍāʾil Raḍīy ad-Dīn al-Ḥasan ibn Muḥammad aṣ-Ṣaġānī ; * June 25, 1181 in Lahore ; † October 25, 1252 in Baghdad ) was a hadith scholar and Arabic lexicographer of the Hanafi teaching direction . His Nisba refers to the region of Chaghāniyān north of Termiz , which was called Saghāniyān in Arabic. On his father's side, he came from the descendants of the caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab .

Life

As-Saghānī grew up in Ghazni and then went on a long journey that took him to Mecca , Medina , Aden and Mogadishu . In May 1218 he came to Baghdad. Two years later the caliph an-Nāsir li-Dīn Allah sent him as an envoy to India to the court of Iltutmish , where he stayed for some time. In 1226/1227 he returned to Baghdad, only to be sent again to India a short time later, this time by the caliph al-Mustansir . After he was impoverished there, he returned to Aden in 1232/33 and finally to Baghdad in 1239/40. There he taught at the Ribat al-Marzubānīya, but resigned from his office in 1242/43 when he learned that the sheikh of this Ribat had to be a Shafiite . The caliph al-Musta'sim bi-'llah gave him the direction of the Hanafi madrasa at-Tutuschīya. In this position he wrote his lexicographical works.

As-Saghānī's comment on the Arabic root slsl in his lexicon LexUbāb az-zāḫir shows that he was a particular lover of musalsal hadiths. These are hadiths in which the narration in the entire narrative chain is accompanied by a certain act. As-Saghānī in this note boasts of having received more than 400 such musalsal hadiths in Mecca, India, Yemen and Baghdad.

As-Saghānī died unexpectedly in his home in Baghdad in October 1252. Before his death, he had ordered in his will that his body should be transferred to Mecca. He was buried there a year later near the tomb of Fudail ibn ʿIyād. One of his most famous students was Sharaf al-Dīn ad-Dimyātī.

Works

Carl Brockelmann lists in his History of Arabic Literature a list of 21 works by as-Saghānī. The most famous of these are:

  • Mašāriq al-anwār an-nabawīya min ṣiḥāḥ al-aḫbār al-Muṣṭafawīya , collection of 2253 hadiths taken from the two saheeh works by al-Buchārī and Muslim ibn al-Hajjādsch and the Kitāb aḫīš-Shihāb of al-Qudāʿʿ . 1062) and the Kitāb an-Naǧm of al-Uqlīsī (st. 1155). The work is divided into twelve chapters with different sections in which the hadiths are arranged according to grammatical aspects. The importance of the collection lies in the fact that it is the first work on hadith science in Islamic India. The work was part of the curriculum of medieval Indian madrasas and has received frequent commentary.
  • al-Aḥādīṯ al-mauḍūʿa Collection of made-up hadiths. It was edited by Naǧm ʿAbd ar-Raḥmān Ḫalaf in Cairo in 1980 under the title Mauḍūʿāt aṣ-Ṣaġānī .
  • Darr as-saḥāba fī bayān mawāḍiʿ wafayāt aṣ-ṣaḥāba Alphabetical index of the Prophet's Companions with their places and dates of death.
  • at-Takmila wa-ḏ-ḏail wa-ṣ-ṣila , a supplement to the Arabic lexicon aṣ-Ṣiḥāḥ by al- Jschauharī , in which as-Saghānī adds many linguistic expressions and corrects errors.
  • 'Ubāb az-Zahir wa-al-lubāb Fahir , comprehensive Arabic dictionary that after the Endradikalen is ordered and the major Arab lexicographical works by al-Dschauharīs AS Sihah belongs. As-Saghānī died before he could finish the work. The last root of the word treated is bkm ( dumbness ). The lexicographer al-Fīrūzābādī later made fun of the fact that it was this very root of the word that silenced as-Saghānī.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Cf. al-Qari 45b.
  2. ↑ Cf. al-Qari 45a.
  3. ↑ See Annemarie Schimmel: Islam in the Indian Subcontinent . Leiden: Brill 1980. p. 15.
  4. ↑ This modern edition can be viewed online here: http://archive.org/stream/mawdo3at-saghani#page/n1/mode/2up .
  5. ↑ A modern edition of the work by Ṭāriq aṭ-Ṭanṭāwī (Cairo 1992) is available online here: http://archive.org/stream/abu_yaala_sahaba_saghani/sahaba_saghani#page/n0/mode/2up
  6. ↑ See Krämer 230.
personal data
SURNAME Saghānī, Al-Hasan ibn Muhammad as-
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Saghānī, Abū l-Fadā'il Radīy ad-Dīn al-Hasan ibn Muhammad as-
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Hadith scholar and Arabic lexicographer of Hanafi teaching
DATE OF BIRTH June 25, 1181
PLACE OF BIRTH Lahore
DATE OF DEATH October 25, 1252
Place of death Baghdad