Ala II Pannoniorum

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The tombstone of Tiberius Claudius Maximus

The Ala II Pannoniorum [veterana] [torquata] ( German  2nd Ala of the Pannonians [the veteran] [awarded with torques ] ) was a Roman auxiliary unit . It is evidenced by military diplomas and inscriptions. The Ala is identical to both the Ala II Gallorum et Pannoniorum and the Ala II Pannoniorum et Gallorum , which are listed in military diplomas from 128 to 165 AD.

Name components

  • II : The Roman number stands for the ordinal number, the second ( Latin secunda ). Hence the name of this military unit is pronounced as Ala secunda ...
  • Pannoniorum : the Pannonian . The soldiers of the Ala were recruited from the various tribes of the Pannonians in the area of ​​the Roman province of Pannonia when the unit was established .
  • veterana : the long-serving or the well-tried. According to John Spaul , the addition was usually given whenever a new unit with the same name was stationed in a province. The addition appears in diplomas from 109 to 114.
  • Gallorum et Pannoniorum : the Gauls and Pannonians. Between 123 and 128, a large number of Gallic horsemen were newly admitted to the unit, which led to the name change.
  • torquata : awarded with torques . The addition occurs in the diploma of 128.

Since there is no reference to the addition of milliaria (1000 men) to the name , the unit was an Ala quingenaria . The nominal strength of the Ala was 480 men, consisting of 16 towers with 30 riders each.

history

The Ala was stationed in the provinces of Syria , Moesia superior , Dacia, and Dacia Porolissensis (in that order). It is listed on military diplomas for the years AD 88 to AD 165.

The first evidence of unity in the province of Syria is based on a diploma dated 88. In the diploma, the Ala is listed as part of the troops (see Roman forces in Syria ) that were stationed in the province.

At an unspecified point in time between 88 and 93 the unit was moved to the province of Moesia superior . The first evidence in the province is based on a diploma dated 93. In the diploma, the Ala is listed as part of the troops (see Roman Armed Forces in Moesia ) that were stationed in Moesia inferior . Further diplomas, dated 94 to 103/107, prove unity in the same province.

The Ala took part in both Trajan's Dacer Wars and was then stationed in the new province of Dacia , where they built the Gherla Fort as their permanent station. The first evidence in the province is based on a diploma dated 109. In the diploma, the Ala is listed as part of the troops (see Roman forces in Dacia ) that were stationed in Dacia . Other diplomas, dated from 110 to 165, prove the unit in the same province (or from 123 in Dacia Porolissensis ).

The Ala (possibly just a vexillation ) took part in Trajan's Parthian War and then returned to Gherla, which was located in Dacia Porolissensis after the reorganization of the province around 118/119 . The losses suffered in the Parthian War were probably offset by Gallic horsemen who were newly accepted into the unit. This would explain why the Ala is listed as Ala II Gallorum et Pannoniorum in the diplomas for Dacia Porolissensis from 128 to 165 . In the military diplomas of 142/144 it appears as Ala II Pannoniorum et Gallorum .

Presumably, the unit was stationed in Gherla until the task of Dacia under Aurelian (270-275).

Locations

Locations of the Ala in Dacia may have been:

Bricks with the stamp A II P were found in Banatska Palanka ( CIL 3, 08074,05b ) and Gherla ( CIL 3, 08074,05a ).

Members of the Ala

The following members of the Ala are known:

Commanders

Others

See also

Web links

Commons : Ala II Pannoniorum  - collection of images, videos and audio files

literature

Remarks

  1. The scenario given here follows the explanations of Ovidiu Țentea, Florian Matei-Popescu and Radu Ardevan . It assumes that the Ala II Gallorum et Pannoniorum , which is recorded in Dacia Porolissensis from 128 onwards , originated from the Ala II Pannoniorum . John Spaul , on the other hand, assumes a newly formed unit, the Ala Gallorum et Pannoniorum Catafracta , which consisted of heavily armored riders (see cataphract ).

Individual evidence

  1. Military diplomas of the years 88 ( CIL 16, 35 ), 93 ( CIL 16, 39 ), 94 ( RMD 5, 335 ), 100 ( AE 2008, 1731 , CIL 16, 46 ), 101 ( Chiron-2008-329 , RMD 3, 143 ), 103/104 ( AE 2009, 1819 ), 103/106 ( RMM 13 ), 103/107 ( CIL 16, 54 ), 109 ( RMD 3, 148 ), 110 ( CIL 16, 163 ), 114 ( RMD 4, 226 ), 123 ( RMD 1, 21 , RMD 1, 22 , RMD 4, 233 ), 128 ( ZPE-170-214 ), 130/131 ( RMD 5, 378 ), 142/144 ( ZPE- 181-190 ), 151 ( RMD 5, 404 ), 159 ( CIL 16, 110 , IDR-01, 00017b ), 164 ( AE 2007, 1764 , AMN-2006 / 07-203 , RMD 1, 64 , RMD 4, 287 ) and 165 ( CIL 16, 185 ).
  2. a b John EH Spaul , Ala², pp. 173-175.
  3. ^ Jörg Scheuerbrandt : Exercitus. Tasks, organization and command structure of Roman armies during the imperial era. Dissertation, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg im Breisgau 2003/2004, pp. 164, 169–170, 172 tables 8, 11–12, 14 ( PDF ).
  4. a b Ovidiu Țentea, Florian Matei-Popescu: Alae et Cohortes Daciae et Moesiae. A review and update of J. Spaul`s Ala and Cohors In: Acta Musei Napocensis 39-40 / I Cluj-Napoca, 2002-2003 (2004), pp. 259–296, here pp. 267–268, 270 ( online ).
  5. a b c d Radu Ardevan : The Ala II Pannoniorum in Dacia In: Apulum XLIV , 2007, pp. 139–155, here pp. 140–142, 146–148 ( online ).
  6. Werner Eck , Andreas Pangerl: Moesia and his troops. New diplomas for Moesia and Moesia superior. In: Chiron , Volume 38 (2008), pp. 317-377, here pp. 330-331 ( online ).