Aleurocystidiellum
| Aleurocystidiellum | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Aleurocystidiellum | ||||||||||||
| PA Lemke (1964) |
Aleurocystidiellum is a genus of funguswithin the family of layer fungus relatives (Stereaceae). The mushrooms have a more or less disc-shaped, perennial, resupinate fruiting body that grows on the bark of deciduous or coniferous trees. Its large, thick-walled and elliptical spores are amyloid and decorated with warty ornaments. The cystids are also thick-walled. The type species is Aleurocystidiellum subcruentatum (Berk. & MA Curtis) PA Lemke .
features
Macroscopic features
The annual to perennial fruiting bodies are disc-shaped to bowl-shaped or almost stereoid . They are close to the substrate and have a sharply defined, sometimes bent back edge. They are almost leathery tough and up to 2 mm thick. The bent back parts are smooth or furrowed concentrically and colored ocher yellow or gray and up to 5 mm wide. The hymenophore is smooth, cream-colored to ocher-colored or pale grayish. The meat is tough and the spore powder is whitish.
Microscopic features
The oval to broadly elliptical, thick-walled and amyloid spores are warty in Melzer's reagent , but smooth in KOH . They measure 12–22 × 10–16 µm. The Hyphensystem is dimitisch with Skelettzystiden or monomitisch with Gloeozystiden . The hyphae texture is dense, but the hyaline hyphae are more or less clearly visible. Their septa have buckles . The hymenium is a eu- or catahymenium . The four- spore basidia are slightly clubbed and 55–110 µm long. They have a buckle at the base. In addition, one can find cylindrical or narrow-walled, thick-walled and often encrusted skeletal cystids that are up to 200 µm long or cylindrical to clubbed, thin-walled gloeocystids that are up to 120 µm long. In any case, there are simple hyphids , often referred to as parahyphids .
Ecology and diffusion
The fungi live saprobiotically on the bark of living trees. They can produce a white rot.
Systematics
The genus Aleurocystidiellum with the type species Aleurocystidiellum subcruentatum was defined by Lemke in 1964 in order to separate Dimitic species with disc-shaped fruiting bodies and large, fine-black spores from the species-rich genus Aleurodiscus (see left). Due to its skeletal hyphae, which protrude cystid-like into the hymenium, and the more or less encrusted elements, the species differs significantly from Aleurodiscus amorphus , the type of the genus Aleurodiscus .
Although Aleurodiscus disciformis, in contrast to A. subcruentatum, has a monomitic hyphae and sulfobenzaldehyde-positive gloeocystids, the species shows almost identical properties in culture. Therefore, Boidin and his co-authors in 1968 put the species in the genus Aleurocystidiellum . Hallenberg & Parmasto found in 1998 that the two species are closely related based on both morphological and molecular data. Their work was confirmed by later studies. In scanning electron microscopy, the spores in both species show an identical, wart-like ornamentation, which is in clear contrast to the rod-like protuberances of Aleurodiscus amorphus , whose spores have a prickly appearance. Today it is assumed that the skeletal cystids of A. subcruentatum and the gloeocystids in A. disciforme are very likely homologous and modifications of gloeopleral hyphae, which are also characteristic of the other species of the Russulales family tree. Another common feature of the two species is their similar ecology; both species grow on the bark of living trees.
Within the Russulales family tree, the genus forms an independent lineage. The genus is still most closely related to the Auriscalpiaceae family.
- etymology
The generic name Aleurocystidiellum is derived from the ancient Greek words aleuron (ἄλευρον) = flour and kystis = cyst or bladder.
species
Worldwide, the genus has two species, the type Aleurocystidiellum subcruentatum (Berk. & MA Curtis) PA Lemke , the ( fast reddening flour disk ) and Aleurocystidiellum disciforme (DC.) Boidin, Terra & Lanq. who have favourited Bowl-Shaped Flour Slice . The latter is often still of the polyphyletic genus Aleurodiscus s. l. assigned. According to more recent molecular biological methods, however, it is more closely related to Aleurocystidiellum subcruentatum than to the other Aleurodiscus species and together with this forms an independent branch within the Russulales family tree.
swell
- Aleurocystidiellum Lemke, called nov .: Original description and Latin diagnosis . In: Data from CBS Aphyllophorales database - cbs.knaw.nl . Retrieved on March 13, 2013. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Jens H. Petersen & Thomas Læssøe: about the genus Aleurocystidiellum. In: MycoKey. Retrieved February 22, 2013 .
- ↑ a b c d Aleurocystidiellum. Stalpers & Hjortstam, in Hjortstam & Stalpers, Mycotaxon 14 (1): 76 (1982). In: MycoBank.org. International Mycological Association, accessed February 19, 2013 .
- ↑ a b Sheng-Hua Wu, David S. Hibbett & Manfred Binder: Phylogenetic analyzes of Aleurodiscus s. l. and allied genera . In: The Mycological Society of America (Ed.): Mycologia . Vol :: 93 (4). Lawrence 2001, p. 720-731 .
- ↑ Ellen Larsson, Karl-Henrik Larsson: Phylogenetic relationships of russuloid basidiomycetes with emphasis on aphyllophoralean taxa. In: Mycologia 95, No. 6/2003. Pp. 1037-1065. (Online as PDF )
- ^ Index Fungorum - Search Page. In: indexfungorum.org. Retrieved March 10, 2013 .