Alexandre Deleyre

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Analysis de la philosophie du chancelier François Bacon , vol. 1, 1756

Alexandre Deleyre (born January 10, 1726 in Portets near Bordeaux , † March 13, 1796 in Paris ) was a French writer and encyclopedist .

Live and act

He was the son of the clerk Jean Deleyre. He first studied at a Jesuit college in Bordeaux, Collège jésuite . From here he made his way to Paris, where he came into contact with the philosophers of the French Enlightenment around Denis Diderot and Jean-Jacques Rousseau .

Under the protection of the Duc de Nevers Louis-Jules Mancini-Mazarini , he was appointed librarian to Duke Philip of Parma in June 1760 .

In addition to works on philosophical and historical themes Deleyre wrote several articles in the Encyclopédie , so over the fanaticism fanatisme . He worked for the Journal des Savants in 1754 . From November 1756 to March 1757 he worked on the Journal étranger . This journal was edited by Jean Baptiste Antoine Suard , François Arnaud (1721–1784), Antoine-François Prévost and the lawyer Pierre-Jean-Baptiste Gerbier (1725–1788). But he also wrote for the Journal encyclopédique by Pierre Rousseau (1716–1785).

In June 1759 he followed Étienne-François de Choiseul to Vienna . The latter had been transferred there during the Seven Years' War in 1757 to strengthen the alliance between France and Austria. As part of his activities there, Deleyre was awarded the title of Secretary of the Embassy, secrétaire d'ambassade , which earned him an annual pension of 200 livres for life ( pension viagère ). In Vienna he also met Valentin Jamerai Duval , for whom he edited some texts.

As a supporter of the new ideas, he took on an administrative function in the District de Cadillac (Gironde). During the French Revolution he was nominated as a member of the Girondins in the elections on September 8, 1792 for the National Convention of the Gironde Department, membre de la Convention par le département de la Gironde . Later he occupied himself as a deputy, député de la Gironde à la Convention, with questions of the national education systems.

He voted for the execution of Louis XVI. On May 31, 1793, the Paris sans-culottes revolted , leading to the arrest and execution of leading Girondins. Ultimately, this first attempt by the Jacobins around Robespierre and Jean Paul Marat to overthrow the Girondins with the help of the Parisian sans-culottes failed . The time of the reign of terror began, which ultimately took place with the popular uprising on June 2, 1793 and the adoption of the constitution on June 24, 1793. It reached its peak in June and July 1794; also known as the Great Terror, la grande terreur . Deleyre was able to evade arrest after May 31st.

Works (selection)

  • Analysis de la philosophie du chancelier François Bacon (1755)
  • Le Génie de Montesquieu (1758)
  • L'Esprit de Saint-Évremond (1761)
  • Eloge de M. Roux, docteur régent et professeur de chimie à la Faculté de Paris Amsterdam, (1777)
  • Essai sur la vie et les ouvrages de Thomas (1792)
  • Histoire générale des voyages, ou Nouvelle collection de toutes les relations de voyages par mer et par terre, qui ont été publiées jusqu'à présent dans les différentes langues de toutes les nations connues (1761) (In collaboration with Antoine François Prévost, Étienne- Maurice Chompré and Jacques-Nicolas Bellin, 1746–1789).

literature

  • Frank A. Kafker, Jeff Loveland: Antoine-Claude Briasson et l'Encyclopédie , Recherches sur Diderot et sur l'Encyclopédie , n ° 35. (online )
  • Frank A. Kafker: Les Ventes de l'Encyclopédie. In: Sciences, musiques, Lumières. Ferney, Center international d'étude du XVIIIe siècle, 2002.
  • Joachim Lebreton: Notice sur Deleyre (extraite des Mémoires de l'Académie des sciences morales). (1797) In: Friedrich Melchior Grimm: Correspondance littéraire.
  • George Fahrtisen-Moulton: JJ Rousseau, ses amis et ses ennemis. (1863)

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Elisabeth Badinter: The Infant of Parma: Or the impotence of education. CH Beck, Munich 2010, ISBN 3-4066-0093-X , p. 11.
  2. ^ The Encyclopedia of Diderot & d'Alembert collaborative translation project. University of Michigan Library.
  3. ↑ Dictionnaire des journalistes. 217 Alexandre DELEYRE (1726-1797)
  4. ↑ ASSEMBLÉE NATIONALE. Biography in French
personal data
SURNAME Deleyre, Alexandre
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Leyre, Alexandre de
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French man of letters and encyclopedist
DATE OF BIRTH January 10, 1726
PLACE OF BIRTH Portets near Bordeaux
DATE OF DEATH March 13, 1796
Place of death Paris