Alfred Kliegl

Alfred Kliegl (born September 2, 1877 in Munich , † November 7, 1953 in Siegsdorf ) was a German chemist and professor of pharmaceutical chemistry at the University of Tübingen.

family

His father Adalbert Kliegl was a wealthy trader with a high reputation. His mother Amalie came from Munich. Alfred Kliegl's sister, Eugenie, with whom he was very closely connected, suffered from polio and died in 1951. Her death hit him very hard. In 1904 he married his cousin Erna Kegel, who was a great support to him after the death of his sister. His grave is in the Siegsdorf cemetery.

Life

Alfred Kliegl attended the Wilhelmsgymnasium in Munich until 1896 and graduated with a secondary school leaving certificate. He then studied for two years at the Aschaffenburg Forestry University and one year in Munich . Then he switched to chemistry because he was fascinated and captivated by the scientific side of the observation of nature and the personality of his teacher Adolf von Baeyer . He accepted him as a doctoral student after passing the association examination. He was Baeyer's last personal student.

Kliegl received his doctorate on July 25, 1903 as Dr. phil. and worked briefly as a chemist in Lüneburg in the wax bleaching department from 1903 to 1904 . From the summer semester of 1904, Alfred Kliegl began his work in the chemical laboratory of the University of Tübingen . First he worked privately for two years as a scientist and in the summer semester of 1906 was given the position of lecture assistant to Wilhelm Wislicenus, Professor of Chemistry. In 1908 he transferred to Kliegl the position of teaching assistant in the inorganic department.

On August 17, 1909, Alfred Kliegl was able to habilitate in chemistry with his thesis “On the knowledge of aromatic nitro compounds ”. His research area was in the field of organic chemistry, so that Wislicenus assigned him to head the organic department. On August 12, 1914, he received the title of extraordinary professor.

When the First World War broke out, Alfred Kliegl was called up for military service. He was only able to return to the University of Tübingen in the summer semester of 1919. After Rudolf Weinland was appointed to Würzburg , Wislicenus proposed his long-time colleague Alfred Kliegl to the Senate and the government in Stuttgart as his successor to head the pharmaceutical department. Like his predecessor, Rudolf Weinland was a licensed pharmacist. With Kliegl, a chemist was on the list of suggestions, which aroused the protest of the pharmacists. The pharmacy students also asked for a pharmacist to be appointed as a university lecturer in pharmaceuticals in their submissions and open letters. The faculty upheld the appointment, so on March 21, 1921 , the Württemberg state president appointed Alfred Kliegl as associate professor for pharmaceutical chemistry at the University of Tübingen.

During the war, as a new professor at the University of Tübingen, he had to struggle with some difficulties and first had to prove himself in expert circles. The demand “Cavete Tübingen”, which was then widespread in appeals, resulted in a decline in the number of pharmacy students. However, he managed to assert himself very well and he was committed to expanding the pharmaceutical department. For many years this was the smallest unit of the university's chemical laboratory. The department was only expanded in the last few years of Kliegl, so that in 1953 he only just saw the students move into the new building.

Alfred Kliegl's scientific work continued to focus on problems of organic chemistry even as a professor of pharmaceutical chemistry. Neither he nor his doctoral students addressed pharmaceutical topics in their work. His work dealt with 9-substituted fluorene , reactions of nitro compounds, anthranil derivatives, investigation of compounds consisting of nitrobenzaldehyde and phosphorus halides or phosphorus oxychloride, as well as acridone and acridine derivatives .

Only a few of his works can be found in the literature; most of them are recorded in dissertations. Until 1921, only a few chemists obtained his doctorate. Among them was a pharmacist, Albrecht Wünsch from Freudenstadt, who had been a war veteran for many years and who received his doctorate on February 14, 1920 with the thesis “On isomerism in 9-acetoxyfluorene and benzophenone-p-sulfonic acid”. Theodor Beck von Altensteig received his doctorate as the second pharmacist on February 27, 1924. Beck then remained in the position of assistant in the pharmaceutical department. Thanks to him, pharmacy took off.

With the abolition of the pharmacy studies in Stuttgart in 1935, the head of the department there, Eugen Bamann , came to Tübingen as associate professor for pharmacy, so that there were now two chairs for pharmacy that never held more than 45 students. In 1941 Bamann left Tübingen again and Alfred Kliegl was again responsible for training the pharmacy students. He was assisted by four pharmacists and chemists who were doing their doctorate at the end of the Second World War .

Since Kliegl was not a member of the NSDAP , the pharmaceutical institute did not expect any restrictions after the end of the war. Nevertheless, the number of students that could be accepted could not be increased due to capacity reasons.

In 1947, despite his 69 years of age, he was elected dean and worked as a teacher and advisor for his students. Alfred Kliegl read pharmacy for the last time in the summer of 1948. He continued to work experimentally at the institute for a few years until his heart and circulatory problems caused by heavy smoking forced him to give up his job.

He bequeathed his series of chemical reports to his former institute and his house in Siegsdorf (Villa Trauneck, Traunsteiner Straße 8) to the University of Tübingen, which used it as a holiday home. His prayer took place in Tübingen because he had not been home for a long time. Nevertheless, he was popular there and known for his kind manner.

Publications

• A. Kliegl on phenyl fluorene; Inaugural dissertation. University of Munich [1903].
• A. Kliegl on the condensation of benzaldehyde with toluene; 38, 84 [1905].
• A. Kliegl on phenyl fluorene; 38, 284 [1905].
• A. Kliegl on the nitro derivatives of tetramethyldiamidobenzophenone; 39, 1266 [1906].
• A. Kliegl on the synthesis of o-nitro-triphenylmethane; 40, 4937 [1907].
• A. Kliegl on the condensation of o-nitrobenzaldehyde with aromatic hydrocarbons in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acids; 41, 1845 [1908].
• A. Kliegl on the knowledge of aromatic nitro compounds; Habilitation thesis, University of Tübingen [1909].
• A. Kliegl, New Formations of Acridon; 42, 591 [1909].
• A. Kliegl and Karl Haas (pharmacists) , aromatic homologues of symmetrical dichlorodimethyl ether; 42, 2581 [1909].
• A. Kliegl, fluorene ether; 43, 2488 [1910].
• A. Kliegl and Karl Haas on o.o'-dinitro-tolan; 44, 1209 [1911].
• A. Kliegl and A. Fehrle on N-Oxy-acridon and "Acridol"; 47, 1629 [1914].
• A. Kliegl and H. Huber on the effect of aluminum chloride on solutions of aromatic nitro hydrocarbons in aromatic hydrocarbons; 53, 1646 [1920].
• A. Kliegl and A. Schmalenbach, β-oxyquinoline derivatives from the N-benzal compounds of o-aminophenylacetic acid; 56, 1517 [1923].
• A. Kliegl, A. Wünsch and R. Weigele, Isomerism in Fluorene-9 Derivatives; 59, 631 [1926].
• A. Kliegl and W. Holle on the action of alcoholic alkali on m-nitrobenzal halides; 59, 901 [1926].
• A. Kliegl, Isomerism in Fluorene-9 Derivatives; 62, 1327 [1929].
• A. Kliegl, F. Weng and G. Wiest, correction to our communication "Isomerism in fluorene-9 derivatives"; 63, 1631 [1930].
• A. Kliegl, again on isomerism in fluorene-9 derivatives; 64, 2420 [1931].
• A. Kliegl and A. Brösmle, on N-Oxy-acridon and “Acridol”; 69, 197 [19361].
• A. Kliegl and L. Schaible on the constitution of the bromination products of acridones and N-hydroxy-acridones; 90, 60 [1957].

literature

• Alfred Kliegl . In: Chemischeberichte 92, 1959, No. 3, pp. 21-28 ( doi : 10.1002 / cber.19590920332 ).
• Armin Wankmüller, 150 years of pharmacy at the University of Tübingen . In: Physics, Physiological Chemistry and Pharmacy at the University of Tübingen. Mohr, Tübingen 1980, pp. 79ff.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Annual report of the K. Wilhelms-Gymnasium in Munich 1895/96.