Alkanols
Alkanols |
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General formula of the alkanols with the blue hydroxy group as the functional group. The radical R stands for an alkyl radical . For example, if R is a methyl group, the result is methanol , if R is an ethyl group, the result is ethanol (colloquially: "alcohol"). |
In organic chemistry, alkanols are a group of substances that are derived from alkanes ( saturated hydrocarbons ). All alkanols have a hydroxyl group as a functional group . Monohydric alkanols have the general formula C n H 2n + 1 OH. The word alkanols comes from the IUPAC nomenclature.
The terms alcohol and alkanol do not have the same meaning, alkanols are a subgroup of alcohols. The term alcohol relates to the functionality of the hydroxyl group, while the term alkanol also defines the saturated character of the alkyl radical .
Examples
Straight-chain alkanols with 8 to 22 carbon atoms belong to the group of fatty alcohols :
- Octanol (C 8 H 17 OH)
- Decanol (C 10 H 21 OH)
- Dodecanol (lauric alcohol, C 12 H 25 OH)
- Tetradecanol (myristic alcohol, C 14 H 29 OH)
- Hexadecanol (cetyl alcohol, C 16 H 33 OH)
- Octadecanol (stearyl alcohol, C 18 H 37 OH)
High molecular weight unbranched alcohols with about 24 or more carbon atoms are among the wax alcohols , e.g. B.
- Lignoceryl alcohol (C 24 H 49 OH)
- Ceryl alcohol (C 26 H 53 OH)
- Melissyl alcohol (C 30 H 61 OH)
Related terms
Alkanols with a cyclic alkyl group are called cycloalkanols (example: cyclohexanol ).
Alkanols with two hydroxyl groups are called alkanediols (simplest example: ethylene glycol ), those with three hydroxyl groups are alkanediols (simplest example is glycerine ).
Analogous compounds that are derived from unsaturated hydrocarbons are called alkenols (with a C = C double bond ) and alkynols (with a C≡C triple bond ).
Alkanols should not be confused with alkenols , the latter being derivatives of alkenes , not alkanes.
literature
- Allinger , Cava , de Jongh , Johnson , Lebel , Stevens : Organische Chemie , 1st edition, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 1980, ISBN 3-11-004594-X , pp. 509 and 697.
- Beyer / Walter : Textbook of Organic Chemistry , 19th edition, S. Hirzel Verlag, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-7776-0356-2 , p. 110.
- K. Peter C. Vollhardt , Neil E. Schore : Organic Chemistry , 4th Edition, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim 2005, ISBN 978-3-527-31380-8 , p. 326.
Individual evidence
- ^ Brockhaus ABC Chemie , VEB FA Brockhaus Verlag Leipzig 1965, p. 42.
- ^ K. Peter C. Vollhardt and Neil E. Schore: Organic Chemistry , 4th Edition, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim 2005, ISBN 978-3-527-31380-8 , pp. 326-380.
- ↑ Otto-Albrecht Neumüller (Ed.): Römpps Chemie-Lexikon. Volume 2: Cm-G. 8th revised and expanded edition. Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-440-04512-9 , p. 1264.
- ↑ Otto-Albrecht Neumüller (Ed.): Römpps Chemie-Lexikon. Volume 6: T-Z. 8th revised and expanded edition. Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1988, ISBN 3-440-04516-1 , pp. 4562-4563.