Alkanols

Alkanols

General formula of the alkanols with the blue hydroxy group as the functional group. The radical R stands for an alkyl radical . For example, if R is a methyl group, the result is methanol , if R is an ethyl group, the result is ethanol (colloquially: "alcohol").

In organic chemistry, alkanols are a group of substances that are derived from alkanes ( saturated hydrocarbons ). All alkanols have a hydroxyl group as a functional group . Monohydric alkanols have the general formula C _n H _{2n + 1} OH. The word alkanols comes from the IUPAC nomenclature.

The terms alcohol and alkanol do not have the same meaning, alkanols are a subgroup of alcohols. The term alcohol relates to the functionality of the hydroxyl group, while the term alkanol also defines the saturated character of the alkyl radical .

Examples

Straight-chain alkanols with 8 to 22 carbon atoms belong to the group of fatty alcohols :

Octanol (C ₈ H ₁₇ OH)
Decanol (C ₁₀ H ₂₁ OH)
Dodecanol (lauric alcohol, C ₁₂ H ₂₅ OH)
Tetradecanol (myristic alcohol, C ₁₄ H ₂₉ OH)
Hexadecanol (cetyl alcohol, C ₁₆ H ₃₃ OH)
Octadecanol (stearyl alcohol, C ₁₈ H ₃₇ OH)

High molecular weight unbranched alcohols with about 24 or more carbon atoms are among the wax alcohols , e.g. B.

Lignoceryl alcohol (C ₂₄ H ₄₉ OH)
Ceryl alcohol (C ₂₆ H ₅₃ OH)
Melissyl alcohol (C ₃₀ H ₆₁ OH)

Related terms

Alkanols with a cyclic alkyl group are called cycloalkanols (example: cyclohexanol ).

Alkanols with two hydroxyl groups are called alkanediols (simplest example: ethylene glycol ), those with three hydroxyl groups are alkanediols (simplest example is glycerine ).

Analogous compounds that are derived from unsaturated hydrocarbons are called alkenols (with a C = C double bond ) and alkynols (with a C≡C triple bond ).

Alkanols should not be confused with alkenols , the latter being derivatives of alkenes , not alkanes.

literature

Allinger , Cava , de Jongh , Johnson , Lebel , Stevens : Organische Chemie , 1st edition, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 1980, ISBN 3-11-004594-X , pp. 509 and 697.
Beyer / Walter : Textbook of Organic Chemistry , 19th edition, S. Hirzel Verlag, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-7776-0356-2 , p. 110.
K. Peter C. Vollhardt , Neil E. Schore : Organic Chemistry , 4th Edition, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim 2005, ISBN 978-3-527-31380-8 , p. 326.

Individual evidence

^ Brockhaus ABC Chemie , VEB FA Brockhaus Verlag Leipzig 1965, p. 42.
^ K. Peter C. Vollhardt and Neil E. Schore: Organic Chemistry , 4th Edition, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim 2005, ISBN 978-3-527-31380-8 , pp. 326-380.
↑ Otto-Albrecht Neumüller (Ed.): Römpps Chemie-Lexikon. Volume 2: Cm-G. 8th revised and expanded edition. Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-440-04512-9 , p. 1264.
↑ Otto-Albrecht Neumüller (Ed.): Römpps Chemie-Lexikon. Volume 6: T-Z. 8th revised and expanded edition. Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1988, ISBN 3-440-04516-1 , pp. 4562-4563.

Web links

Commons : Alkanols - album with pictures, videos and audio files

[1] Brockhaus ABC Chemie , VEB FA Brockhaus Verlag Leipzig 1965, p. 42.

[Vollhardt-2] K. Peter C. Vollhardt and Neil E. Schore: Organic Chemistry , 4th Edition, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim 2005, ISBN 978-3-527-31380-8 , pp. 326-380.

[3] Otto-Albrecht Neumüller (Ed.): Römpps Chemie-Lexikon. Volume 2: Cm-G. 8th revised and expanded edition. Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-440-04512-9 , p. 1264.

[4] Otto-Albrecht Neumüller (Ed.): Römpps Chemie-Lexikon. Volume 6: T-Z. 8th revised and expanded edition. Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1988, ISBN 3-440-04516-1 , pp. 4562-4563.