All Saints, Pavement
All Saints Church on Pavement Street in York , Northern England , is abbreviated and commonly referred to as All Saints, Pavement to distinguish it from All Saints, North Street . The street name "Pavement" comes from the fact that this was one of the first cobbled streets in York. The church plays an important role in the city's history to this day and is home to the burial sites of 34 mayors of the city of York.
history
Even before the conquest of England by the Normans, there was a church here, according to legend, All Saints is said to have been built in 685 for St. Cuthbert of Lindisfarne , but this is not documented. In the Domesday Book it is mentioned as the property of the Bishop of Durham , who received the church as a royal gift. A grave slab from the 10th century has been preserved and archaeological finds from this period prove the existence of this early church building, which was based on the York road network during the Anglo-Scandinavian settlement . This first church was probably demolished in the 11th century and replaced by a new building on the site of the present church. It is unclear whether the mention in the Domesday Book refers to the first or this second church building. In the 12th century, aisles were added to the north and south sides of the church. However, the current building dates almost entirely from the 14th and 15th centuries. The tower with the tower lantern was erected around 1400 and the top cladding was added around 1443 , presumably at the same time as the crenellated crown as the end of the facade. In 1782 the choir on the east side of the church was demolished to expand the market square on the pavement. The current eastern end of the church was originally the crossing and was designed by George Edmund Street in 1837 . The remains of a medieval round arch from the broken off eastern part are still visible today above the east window in the church.
architecture
The square tower with an octagonal lantern in Perpendicular Style from around 1400 is particularly striking on the outside of the church . A light used to stay on at night in the lantern to show travelers the way. The lenses that intensified the light in the tower of All Saints were still there at the beginning of the 20th century, but no longer functional. George A. Poole describes in his A History of Ecclesiastical Architecture in England , published in 1848 . , That such beacon on steeples as landmarks were quite common in the country where the tower Lantern of All Saints, Pavement in York (the most notable of these beacon English beacon ) was. According to Poole's description, however, in 1848 only a hook and a pulley system remained in the tower lantern itself.
The tower lantern on the tower of St Dunstan-in-the-West in London, which has long been a characteristic feature of London's Fleet Street , was designed by the architect John Shaw in 1831 after the model of All Saints, Pavement. However, it is only a copy of the architectural element of the tower lantern, there was no beacon.
Furnishing
Inside the church is a hexagonal pulpit with a spiral staircase from 1634 and various fixtures that originally came from the churches of St. Savior and St. Crux, whose parishes were merged with that of All Saints in the past. The unique Passion Window in the west facade from the 14th century consists of precious colored glass from York and shows scenes from the life of Christ. Four windows from the 19th century are designs by Charles Eamer Kempe , a modern window was donated by the Royal Dragoon Guards in 2002 .
- organ
The organ was built in 1903 by the organ builder Hopkins (York) and rebuilt in 1964 by the organ builders Wood, Wordsworth & Co (Leeds). The instrument has 54 stops on three manuals and a pedal. The actions are electric.
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Relics
Medieval parish churches in York rarely had relics . For All Saints the possession of a bowl, which is said to have once carried the severed head of John the Baptist , has been handed down for the year 1386. The shell has not been preserved.
Today's meaning
To this day, All Saints, Pavement is the church of the guilds and the City Council. York's two surviving merchant guilds hold special services there every year. There is also a special pew for the City Council. All Saints is also the regimental church of the Royal Dragoon Guards.
The official name of the All Saints parish is All Saints, Pavement with St. Crux and St. Michael Spurriergate, York . The parish belongs to the Dean's Office and Archdeaconate York. The services in All Saints, Pavement follow the Book of Common Prayer .
View to the east into the nave of the arch, behind which the chancel, which was demolished in the 18th century, was
View through the nave to the west window
West window into which preserved medieval stained glass windows have been integrated
Window in the south transept, dedicated to the memory of James Raine in 1896, left: St. Aidan von Lindisfarne (+ 651) middle: St. Paulinus von York (584–644) right: St. Cuthbert von Lindisfarne (635–687)
East window, designed by Charles Eamer Kempe , center: Christ in the mandorla , surrounded by figures from the Old and New Testaments, church fathers and saints
East window in the south transept, center: Maria with the child, left: Hanna and Samuel , right: St. Elisabeth
East window in the north transept, center: Mary with the child, surrounded by angels and saints
Window with the coat of arms of the Royal Dragoon Guards
literature
- Nikolaus Pevsner , and Neave, David [1972]: Yorkshire: York and the East Riding , 2nd edition. Edition, Penguin Books, London 1995, ISBN 0-14-071061-2 .
- Antonia Evans (ed.): The York Book . Blue Bridge, York 2002, ISBN 0-9542749-0-3 .
- Barbara Wilson, and Mee, Frances: The Medieval Parish Churches of York: the pictorial evidence . York Archaeological Trust , York 1998, ISBN 1-874454-19-1 .
- Royal Commission on Historic Monuments [1981]: An Inventory of the Historical Monuments in the City of York: Vol V The Central Area . RCHM, England, ISBN 0-11-700892-3 .
- Royal Commission on Historic Monuments [1972]: An Inventory of the Historical Monuments in the City of York: Vol III South-west of the Ouse . RCHM, England, ISBN 0-11-700466-9 .
- Home, Gordon: York Minster & Neighboring Abbeys and Churches. 1936, pp. 151-152
- Poole, George A .: A History of Ecclesiastical Architecture in England. 1848, p. 357
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c History of York: Church of All Saints, Pavement (English)
- ↑ a b c d e Home, p. 151
- ^ Wilson, Barbara / Mee, Frances: The Medieval Parish Churches of York. The Pictorial Evidence . York, 1998, pp. 33-36
- ^ Poole, George A .: A History of Ecclesiastical Architecture in England. 1848, p. 357
- ^ Simon Bradley, Nikolaus Pevsner: London 1, The city of London . Penguin, London 1997, p. 215
- ↑ a b c The Church of England: York, Church of All Saints, Pavement (English)
- ↑ For more information on organ (English)
- ^ Wilson, Barbara / Mee, Frances: The Medieval Parish Churches of York. The Pictorial Evidence . York, 1998, pp. 33-36
Web links
Coordinates: 53 ° 57 '29.4 " N , 1 ° 4' 50.5" W.