Japanese alder
| Japanese alder | ||||||||||||
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Japanese alder ( Alnus japonica ) |
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| Alnus japonica | ||||||||||||
| ( Thunb. ) Steud. |
The Japanese alder ( Alnus japonica ) is a medium-sized deciduous tree from the alder genus . Their distribution area extends from Japan, Korea and Taiwan to northern China.
description
The Japanese alder is a 25 to 30 meter high deciduous tree with a densely leafy, regular, conical crown. The bark is smooth and white-gray in color, it does not break open even with age. The shoots are hairy gray, the buds are stalked.
The leaves are leathery, lanceolate to narrowly ovate, 5 to 13 centimeters long and have a 1.5 to 2.5 centimeter long stem. Both ends are sharply pointed. The leaf blade shows seven to nine pairs of nerves. The leaf margin is finely serrated. The upper side of the leaf is glossy dark green, the underside is lighter than the upper side. The leaves fall late in autumn.
The male kittens are four to eight in terminal clusters and are 5 to 8 inches long. The female inflorescences ripen to 1.5 to 2.5 centimeters long, egg-shaped, stalked cones that stand together in groups of two to six. They contain obovate, winged nuts with a length of 2 to 3 millimeters. The flowering period lasts from May to July, the fruits appear in July and August.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 56, less often 42.
Distribution and location requirements
The Japanese alder is found in Japan , Taiwan , the Korean Peninsula and Manchuria . In Hokkaidō it is one of the main types of wood and grows together with the emperor birch ( Betula maximowicziana ), the Japanese horse chestnut ( Aesculus turbinata ) and a variety of the Mongolian oak ( Quercus mongolica var. Grosserata ). In the mountains of Honshū it is associated with the Japanese larch ( Larix kaempferi ).
The species is counted among the bog and swamp trees and thrives in swamp locations, in swamp forests and on damp and wet meadows in sunny and cool locations. It is assigned to winter hardiness zone 4, with an average annual minimum temperature between −25 and −29 ° C. In Central Europe, the species is hardy . It grows at altitudes of 800 to 1500 meters.
Systematics
The Japanese alder is assigned to the subgenus Alnus in the genus of alders ( Alnus ) . Investigations of the ribosomal DNA show the hazel alder ( Alnus serrulata ) as a sister species of the Japanese alder. The species was first described by Carl Peter Thunberg in 1799 as Betula japonica and counted as part of the birch genus ( Betula ). In 1840 Ernst Gottlieb von Steudel assigned it as Alnus japonica to the alders ( Alnus ). Further synonyms of the species are Alnus maritima (Marshall) Muhl. ex Nutt. var. japonica (Thunb.) Regel and Alnus reginosa Nakai .
proof
literature
- Schütt, Schuck, Stimm: Lexicon of tree and shrub species . Nikol, Hamburg 2002, ISBN 3-933203-53-8 , pp. 38 .
- Andreas Roloff , Andreas Bärtels: Flora of the woods. Purpose, properties and use. With a winter key from Bernd Schulz. 3rd, corrected edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5614-6 , p. 100.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Roloff et al .: Flora of the Woods
- ↑ a b c Schütt et al .: Lexicon of tree and shrub species
- ↑ a b c Alnus japonica. In: Flora of China Vol. 4. www.eFloras.org, p. 303 , accessed on February 14, 2010 (English).
- ^ Alnus japonica at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ↑ Zhiduan Chen, Jianhua Li: Phylogenetics and Biogeography of Alnus (Betulaceae) Inferred from Sequences of Nuclear Ribosomal DNA ITS Region . In: Chicago Journals - International Journal of Plant Sciences . tape 165 (2) . University of Chicago Press, Chicago 2004, pp. 325-335 .
- ↑ Alnus japonica. In: w3Tropicos. Missouri Botanical Garden, accessed February 14, 2010 .
