Alpine diaper snail

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Alpine diaper snail
Alpine diaper snail (Vertigo alpestris)

Alpine diaper snail ( Vertigo alpestris )

Systematics
Subordination : Land snails (Stylommatophora)
Superfamily : Pupilloidea
Family : Diaper snails (Vertiginidae)
Subfamily : Vertigininae
Genre : Vertigo
Type : Alpine diaper snail
Scientific name
Vertigo alpestris
Alder , 1838

The Alpine diaper snail ( Vertigo alpestris ), also Alpine diaper snail, is a type of snail belonging to the family of diaper snails (Vertiginidae) from the suborder of land snails (Stylommatophora).

features

The shell of the Alpine diaper snail is 1.8 to 2 mm high and 1.1 mm wide (1.6 to 2.15 × 0.9 to 1.1 mm: Welter-Schultes). It is cylindrical with five well-arched turns, which are separated from each other by a deep seam. The last passage is slightly flattened on the side and therefore slightly shouldered. The mouth is slightly higher than it is wide and oval in outline with flattened surfaces on the top and the outside. The edge of the mouth is only slightly thickened and only slightly bent outwards. Three to four lamellar teeth protrude into the mouth, one parietal, one columellar and one to two palatal teeth. They are almost perpendicular from the mouth wall. The case is light yellowish-brown and translucent. The surface is covered with very fine and regular growth stripes and thus appears silky and shiny.

In the genital apparatus, the head of the hermaphroditic glands is darkly pigmented and somewhat thickened at the front end. The prostate is small and sits in the back of the egg duct. The penis is very long and the vas deferens enters the penis at the apocal end. The spermatic duct is very long and thin.

In the female tract of the genital apparatus, the glandular fallopian tube is relatively long and the non-glandular fallopian tube is relatively short. The vagina, on the other hand, is relatively long again. The spermathec is located at the rear end of the egg duct near the large protein gland (albumin gland). The stem is very long.

Similar species

The shell is similar to the shell of the common diaper snail ( Vertigo pygmaea ). However, this species has a strong, dam-like neck bulge, which the shell of the Alpine diaper snail lacks. The mouth of the common diaper snail is reinforced with four to seven teeth, which are connected to each other in the palate region at the base by a callus.

Distribution in Europe (according to Welter-Schultes, 2012)

Geographical distribution and habitat

The distribution area of ​​the Alpine diaper snail is Nordic-Alpine, i. H. Scandinavia to North Asia ( Siberia ), the Alps , Carpathians and the low mountain ranges north of the Alps. In the British Isles, the occurrence is limited to Wales , northern England and Scotland . There are also some isolated occurrences in the lowlands. In the south there are isolated occurrences in the mountains of Bulgaria and the Crimea . Another isolated occurrence is found on the islands off Newfoundland and Iceland . In the Swiss Alps it rises to 2400 m above sea level.

The habitat of the alpine diaper snail are scree slopes with a lot of leaf litter and plant material, light, dry forest stands and limestone rocks in the high mountains. In the lowlands it occurs in sparse forests on limestone soils. In the high mountains it can be found in open and sunny rocks, light dry forests, overgrown scree slopes and also in moss. In England and Wales she lives almost exclusively on and in old stone walls and walls.

Taxonomy

The species was first published by Joshua Alder as Vertigo alpestris . However, he attributes the species to the "Baron de Férussac", whose specimens are said to come from the Alps. However, Alder only had copies from England and he writes about the copies by Férussac that, to the best of his knowledge, they have not yet been published. The taxon must therefore be attributed to Joshua Alder alone. The Fauna Europaea has three synonyms:

  • Pupa leontina Gredler, 1856
  • Pupa shuttleworthiana L. Pfeiffer, 1847
  • Pupa tatrica Hazay, 1885

Some authors divide the taxon into two subspecies:

  • Vertigo alpestris alpestris , the nominate subspecies and
  • Vertigo alpestris uturyotoensis Kuroda & Hukuda, 1944

Danger

In Germany, the species is threatened with extinction (hazard category 1).

literature

  • Rosina Fechter and Gerhard Falkner: molluscs. 287 p., Mosaik-Verlag, Munich 1990 (Steinbach's Nature Guide 10) ISBN 3-570-03414-3 (p. 140)
  • Michael P. Kerney, RAD Cameron & Jürgen H. Jungbluth: The land snails of Northern and Central Europe. 384 pp., Paul Parey, Hamburg & Berlin 1983 ISBN 3-490-17918-8 (p. 90)
  • Stanisław Myzyk: Contribution to the biology of ten vertiginid species. Folia Malacologica, 19 (2): 55-80, Warsaw 2011 doi : 10.2478 / v10125-011-0004-9 .
  • Beata M. Pokryszko: The Vertiginidae of Poland (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Pupilloidea) - a systematic monograph. Annales Zoologici, 43 (8): 133-257, Warsaw 1990.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Jürgen H. Jungbluth and Dietrich von Knorre: Trivial names of land and freshwater mollusks in Germany (Gastropoda et Bivalvia). Mollusca, 26 (1): 105-156, Dresden 2008 ISSN  1864-5127 , p. 118.
  2. ^ Hugh Watson: Masculine deficiencies in the British Vertigininae. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London, 270-280, London 1923 Online at Biodiversity Heritage Library , Vertigo alpestris : p. 273.
  3. ^ A b Francisco W. Welter Schultes: European non-marine molluscs, a guide for species identification = identification book for European land and freshwater mollusks. A1-A3 S., 679 S., Q1-Q78 S., Göttingen, Planet Poster Ed., 2012 ISBN 3-933922-75-5 , ISBN 978-3-933922-75-5 (p. 124)
  4. ^ Joshua Alder: Supplement to a catalog of the land and fresh-water testaceous Mollusca, found in the vicinity of Newcastle. Transactions of the Natural History Society of Northumberland and Durham, 1 (3): 337-342. Newcastle [online at www.biodiversitylibrary.org] (p. 340).
  5. ↑ Fauna Europea: Vertigo alpestris
  6. ↑ Vincenz Maria Gredler: Tyrol's land and fresh water conchylia. I. The land conchylia. Negotiations of the Zoological-Botanical Association in Vienna (treatises) 6: 25-162, Vienna 1856 Online at www.biodiversitylibrary.org (p. 116)
  7. ^ L. Pfeiffer: Diagnoses of new land snails. Zeitschrift für Malakozoologie, 4 (19): 145-151, Hannover 1947. Online at www.biodiversitylibrary.org (p. 148)
  8. ↑ Julius Hazay: The mollusc fauna of the High Tatras. Yearbooks of the German Malacological Society, 12: 20-45, Frankfurt / M.1885 Online at www.biodiversitylibrary.org (p. 32)
  9. ↑ JH Jungbluth, D. von Knorre (with the assistance of U. von Bössneck, K. Groh, E. Hackenberg, H. Kobialka, G. Körnig, H. Menzel-Harloff, H.-J. Niederhöfer, S. Petrick, K Schniebs, V. Wiese, W. Wimmer, ML Zettler): Red list of internal mollusks [snails (Gastropoda) and mussels (Bivalvia)] in Germany. Announcements of the German Malacoological Society, 81: 1-28, Frankfurt / M. 2009 PDF ( Memento from June 16, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) (1.3 MB)
  10. ^ Vollrath Wiese: The land snails of Germany. 352 pp., Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2014 ISBN 978-3-494-01551-4 (p. 77)