Old main guard
_006.jpg)
.jpg)
The Alte Hauptwache , then known as the Corps de Garde , Altstädter Wache or Haupt-Wache , was a building of the local police on Neumarkt in the city center of Dresden in the 18th century .
Location
The Alte Hauptwache was located in the inner old town , i.e. within the ring-shaped Dresden fortifications . Due to its location, it separated the actual Neumarkt from the An der Frauenkirche square . It stood at an acute angle to the escape from Landhausstrasse , only around 20 meters southwest of the well-known dome building - where the Luther monument is today.
description
The Alte Hauptwache was an elongated, symmetrical building consisting of two full floors and a mansard roof with many dormers . In its height it stepped back behind most of the neighboring town houses. The main facade on the long side facing Neumarkt was 13-axis. It consisted of a three-branched central projectile and two slightly recessed, five-branched parts to the right and left of it. The central projection was crowned by a triangular gable decorated with a coat of arms and three statues. The ground floor showed itself with arcades and an arcade behind it over the entire length of the building, and pilaster strips divided the upper floor, in front of which there was a balcony in the central projection. The short transverse sides were triaxial.
history
At the beginning of 1714 it was planned to replace the old Dresden guard building (Corps de Garde) with a more modern and enlarged main guard. The area was intended to be located directly on the south-western outer wall of the Frauenkirchhof , the course of which will be followed by the east facade of the new building. Previously there were mainly market stalls, the new market should be given a contemporary and representative finish on its east side. Later, Elector Augustus the Strong also ordered the cemetery to be closed. For the construction of the Hauptwache, from 1715, only 16 grave sites had to be demolished. In the same year construction began under the direction of Johann Rudolph Fäsch .
After its completion, the Dresden police station was housed in the building. The upper floor also housed the Dresden garrison church, which was later housed in a hall of the Dresden armory and finally received its own new building in the form of the garrison church of St. Martin in Albertstadt . The Alte Hauptwache achieved lasting fame because it is depicted in several paintings by the painter Bernardo Bellotto , known as Canaletto, from around 1750 .
After the Gothic Frauenkirche had been demolished by 1727 and the Frauenkirchhof dissolved and the baroque Frauenkirche completed by 1743 based on designs by George Bähr , plans were already being made to demolish the building. It now divided the two squares of Neumarkt and around the Frauenkirche and was therefore perceived as annoying. The elector also wanted to get a holistic view of the Frauenkirche in order to make it look more imposing. As it turned out later, the dome was much more effective during the time of the Alte Hauptwache, as the flat building partly covered the massive substructure of the church.
When the Frauenkirche was the target of artillery fire on July 19, 1760 during the siege of Dresden by Prussian troops during the Seven Years' War , the surrounding buildings were also seriously damaged. The ruins of the Alte Hauptwache and the Alte Gewandhaus on the other side of the Neumarkt were also subsequently torn down and not rebuilt later. In this way, the space from Jüdenhof via Neumarkt to the Frauenkirche , which is still united today, was created .
The police station of the Residenz was then initially in the gallery guard between the Zwinger and Dresden Residenzschloss and later in the Neue Hauptwache on Theaterplatz . The current seat of the Dresden-Mitte police station, the Dresden Police Headquarters , is located between Landhausstrasse and Rampischer Strasse , 200 meters as the crow flies east of the former location of the Alte Hauptwache.
literature
- Stefan Hertzig : Hauptwache and old Gewandhaus on Dresden's Neumarkt. Dresden 2004, ISBN 978-3-9807739-2-8 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz14107.html
- ↑ https://www.graphikportal.org/document/gpo00112888
- ↑ This was wrongly attributed to Johann Adolph Richter .
- ^ Paul Schumann: Dresden. Barsinghausen 2012. ISBN 978-3-8457-2138-5 . P. 132.
Coordinates: 51 ° 3 ′ 5.5 ″ N , 13 ° 44 ′ 27.8 ″ E