Dark spiders

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Dark spiders
Dark Spider (Amaurobius ferox)

Dark Spider ( Amaurobius ferox )

Systematics
Class : Arachnids (arachnida)
Order : Spiders (Araneae)
Subordination : Real spiders (Araneomorphae)
Partial order : Entelegynae
Superfamily : Amaurobioidea
Family : Dark spiders
Scientific name
Amaurobiidae
Thorell , 1870

The dark spiders (Amaurobiidae) are a family of real spiders . It comprises 49 genera with 276 species . (As of June 1, 2019)

The spiders are among the largest web -building cribellate weaving spiders, whose body size ranges from a few millimeters to approx. 20 mm. The spiders are also very diverse in their ecological adaptation and in their way of life.

The most species-rich and most widespread genus is Amaurobius , whose species are particularly well represented in Australia. Amaurobius socialis is one of the few spider species living socially. In caves they weave textile-like blanket nets up to 6 or 7 meters in diameter, in which they live together. Callobius is the largest member of the family, the females of which can reach a body length of up to 20 mm.

distribution

The distribution areas of the family are the warmer climates in Asia (especially China ), Australia , New Zealand , Oceania , South , Central and North America , Africa , as well as southern Europe , Eastern Europe and Russia . So far, 22 species have been identified in Central Europe . The species of the genera Callobius , Pimus and Zanomys are also common worldwide . In Germany , Austria and Switzerland , Amaurobius fenestralis and Amaurobius ferox are probably the most common representatives.

Systematics

The World Spider Catalog currently lists 49 genera and 276 species for the dark spiders. (As of June 1, 2019)

Web links

Commons : Dark Spiders (Amaurobiidae)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Amaurobiidae in the World Spider Catalog

literature

  • T. Blick, R. Bosmans, J. Buchar, P. Gajdoš, A. Hänggi, P. Van Helsdingen, V. Růžička, W. Starega, K. Thaler: Checklist of the spiders of Central Europe (Arachnida: Araneae). Version December 1, 2004 (PDF)
  • Rainer F. Foelix: Biology of the spiders. Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart 1979, ISBN 3-13-575801-X .
  • Willis J. Gertsch : American Spiders. 2nd Edition. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York 1979, ISBN 0-442-22649-7 .
  • Stefan Heimer, Wolfgang Nentwig: Spinning Central Europe. Verlag Paul Parey, Berlin 1991, ISBN 3-489-53534-0 .
  • Ambros Hänggi, Edi Stöckli, Wolfgang Nentwig: Habitat of Central European Spiders. (= Miscellanea Faunistica Helvetiae. Volume 4). Center suisse de cartographie de la faune, Neuchatel 1995, ISBN 2-88414-008-5

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Natural History Museum of the Burgergemeinde Bern: World Spider Catalog Version 18.5 - Amaurobiidae . Retrieved November 15, 2017.