Amethyst blubber

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Amethyst blubber
2008-10-10 Russula amethystina Quél 68718 cropped.jpg

Amethyst blubber ( Russula amethystina )

Systematics
Class : Agaricomycetes
Subclass : insecure position (incertae sedis)
Order : Russulales (Russulales)
Family : Deaf relatives (Russulaceae)
Genre : Russulas ( Russula )
Type : Amethyst blubber
Scientific name
Russula amethystina
Quél.

The amethyst deafening ( Russula amethystina , syn .: Russula turci var. Amethystina (Quél.) ) Is a fungus from the family of deaf relatives . The Täubling looks very similar to the iodoform Täubling, so that many authors only see it as a variety. However, the two species are not genetically closely related to each other, although they can only be reliably differentiated by their spore ornamentation. The Täubling is a typical spruce companion.

features

Macroscopic features

The three to seven centimeters wide hat varies in color between purple, lavender, wine red and wine brown. The middle of the hat is often darker in color. The hat skin is completely removable. It is velvety in dry weather, but very greasy in wet weather.

The slats are initially white and only tinted ocher with age.

The club-shaped stem is initially white and later yellowish to brownish and mostly hollow. The flesh is white, later turning cloudy yellow. It tastes mild and often smells strongly of iodoform in the stem base .

Microscopic features

The spore powder is lightly colored. The spores are ellipsoidal with a width of 8-10 × 6-8 micrometers. The warts are 0.7 - 1 µm high, usually pointed and prickly and are often isolated and far apart. However, individual warts can also be connected in a network-like manner by fine lines.

Species delimitation

The Amethyst Täubling can other similarly colored, inedible Täublingen be very similar. The violet-capped deafblings with yellowish lamellae from the subsection Sanguinae are particularly similar . These usually cause a burning sensation on the tongue after a short time.
The also edible iodoform blubber is so similar to the amethyst blubber that it was considered by many authors to be of the same species. The two types can only be distinguished with certainty under the microscope. Macroscopically, according to the manual for mushroom lovers , they should be distinguished by the yellow-spotted hat skin of the amethyst blotch caused by water droplets; Heavy rain can even cause large parts of it to turn yellow. The iodoform blot does not show this discoloration.

Systematics

There are specimens that have a yellow hat from the start; they form the variation gilva . First a distinction was made between the species R. turci , which was united with R. amethystina in the 1930s . Specimens with a more pronounced mesh pattern on the spores divided into a variation turci and those with a weaker mesh called variation amethystina . This division initially turned out to be extremely difficult to understand. However, phylogenetic studies show that both species are not as closely related as their outward appearance suggests.

ecology

The amethyst pigeon is, like all pigeons, a mycorrhizal fungus that forms a symbiosis with various conifers ( spruce , Scots pine and silver fir ), but preferably with the spruce . It is found mainly on sandy soils in acidic coniferous forests, but it also occurs in red beech forests under interspersed conifers and on neutral or weakly alkaline limestone soils .

The fungus occurs from the planar to the high-montane altitudes, whereby it can be found at altitudes around 100 meters mostly with the Scots pine and at altitudes over 1000 meters with spruce or mixed spruce forests. The fruiting bodies are formed between July and November, with a maximum in August and September.

distribution

European countries with evidence of finding of the amethyst pavilion.
Legend:
  • Countries with found reports
  • Countries without evidence
  • no data
  • non-European countries

    • The fungus can be found in large parts of Europe. The distribution area extends to Morocco and Algeria in North Africa. The amethyst deaf can also be found in the Canary Islands .

    literature

    Individual evidence

    1. ↑ Russula amethystina. In: Species Fungorum / speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved September 5, 2011 .
    2. ^ H. Romagnesi: Russula amethystina. Les Russules d'Europe et d'Afrique du Nord (1967). In: mycobank.org The Fungal website. Retrieved August 16, 2011 (French).
    3. ^ Edmund Michael, Bruno Hennig, Hanns Kreisel: Handbook for mushroom friends. Volume five: Agaric mushrooms - milk lice and deaf lions. 2nd Edition. Fischer, Stuttgart 1983, ISBN 3-437-30350-3 . P. 306
    4. ^ Edmund Michael, Bruno Hennig, Hanns Kreisel: Handbook for mushroom friends. Volume five: Agaric mushrooms - milk lice and deaf lions. 2nd Edition. Fischer, Stuttgart 1983, ISBN 3-437-30350-3 . P. 304
    5. ^ SL Miller, B. Buyck: Molecular phylogeny of the genus Russula in Europe with a comparison of modern infrageneric classifications. In: Mycol. Res. 106 (3) 2002, pp. 259-276.
    6. ↑ a b Russula turci var.amethystina. In: pilzoek.de. Pilzoek database, accessed August 16, 2011 .
    7. ↑ Basidiomycota Checklist-Online - Russula amethystina. In: basidiochecklist.info. Retrieved September 1, 2012 .
    8. ↑ Belgian List 2012 - Russula amethystina. Retrieved June 9, 2012 (Täubling very rare: Critically endangered).
    9. ↑ Cvetomir M. Denchev & Boris Assyov: Checklist of the larger basidiomycetes in Bulgaria . In: Mycotaxon . tape 111 , 2010, ISSN  0093-4666 , p. 279–282 ( mycotaxon.com [PDF; accessed August 31, 2011]).
    10. ↑ Z. Tkalcec & A. Mesic: Preliminary checklist of Agaricales from Croatia V: . Families Crepidotaceae, Russulaceae and Strophariaceae. In: Mycotaxon . tape 88 , 2003, ISSN  0093-4666 , p. 290 ( http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/59575/0088/0290.htm cybertruffle.org.uk [accessed August 31, 2011]).
    11. ↑ Worldwide distribution of Russula amethystina. In: GBIF Portal / data.gbif.org. Retrieved September 1, 2012 .
    12. ↑ Elias Polemis et al .: Mycodiversity studies in selected ecosystems of Greece: 5. (PDF; 330 kB) Basidiomycetes associated with woods dominated by Castanea sativa (Nafpactia Mts., Central Greece). In: Mycotaxon 115 / mycotaxon.com. 2008, p. 16 ff , accessed on August 22, 2011 .
    13. ↑ Russula amethystina. In: grzyby.pl. Retrieved February 6, 2016 .
    14. ↑ Mirca Zotti et al .: The macrofungal checklist of Liguria (Italy) . In: Mycotaxon . tape 105 , 2008, ISSN  0093-4666 , p. 167–170 ( mycotaxon.com [PDF; accessed August 31, 2011]).
    15. ↑ Nahuby.sk - Atlas hub - Russula amethystina. In: nahuby.sk. Retrieved September 1, 2012 .
    16. ↑ Grid map of Russula amethystina. In: NBN Gateway / nbnatlas.org. Retrieved September 1, 2012 .
    17. ↑ NMV Verspreidingsatlas online: Russula amethystina. In: verspreidingsatlas.nl. Retrieved September 1, 2012 .
    18. ↑ Distribution atlas of mushrooms in Switzerland. (No longer available online.) In: wsl.ch. Federal Research Institute for Forests, Snow and Landscape WSL, archived from the original on October 15, 2012 ; Retrieved September 1, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.wsl.ch

    Web links

    Commons : Amethyst-Täubling ( Russula amethystina )  - album with pictures, videos and audio files
    Wiktionary: Amethyst dusting  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations