Amur cork tree
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Amur cork tree |
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| Phellodendron amurense | ||||||||||||
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The Amur cork tree ( Phellodendron amurense ) is a deciduous tree from the genus of cork trees ( Phellodendron ).
description
The Amur cork tree is a deciduous tree that needs light, reaches heights of 15 to 25 meters and trunk diameters of up to 60 centimeters. It forms a wide, loose treetop . The branches are thick and their bark is orange-brown. The small buds are hairy and hidden in the base of the petiole in summer.
Both the German name and the scientific generic name indicate that this tree has a mighty cork coat. This bursts furrowed through the growth in thickness of the trunk. Similar to the cork oak , it is constantly reproduced by a permanent surface periderm, that is, the cork-forming tissue produces cork cells in a long-lasting and multi-layered manner.
The opposite, pinnate leaves are about 25 to 40 centimeters long. There are 7 to 13 pinna flake available. These are egg-shaped and long, pointed with a curved tip. The leaflets are glossy dark green on top. The leaf spindle and the central ribs of the leaflets are yellow. There are axillary beards near the base of the leaflet. When rubbed, the leaves smell strongly spicy. The leaves turn light yellow in autumn.
The terminal, branched paniculate inflorescences are about 15 by 8 centimeters. The flowers have a diameter of 8 mm and have no petals . The stamens are white, the anthers golden yellow. Although the flowers contain pistils and stamens at the same time, only one sex is ever functional, so that the Amur cork tree has two separate sexes ( diocesan ). The flowering period is from June to July.
The black, spherical, berry stone fruits are about 8 mm in size and contain five seeds each.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 28, 78, about 66 and about 80.
distribution
The Amur cork tree is native to the Amur area, northern China , Manchuria , Korea and Japan . It is found there as a mixed tree species mostly in the river valleys of the mountains and prefers moist, deep soils.
In Central Europe it is more often planted in parks, sometimes as a street tree. It is hardy there, but is damaged by early and late frosts. In Russia and Romania it is cultivated for forestry.
use
In addition to the wood of the Amur cork tree, the corky bark is also used. It is roughly ground and pressed into cork products .
swell
Single receipts
- ↑ Böhlmann, p. 47.
- ↑ Phellodendron amurense at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
literature
- Dietrich Böhlmann: Why trees don't grow into the sky - An introduction to the life of our trees . Quelle & Meyer Verlag, Wiebelsheim 2009, ISBN 978-3-494-01420-3
- P. Schütt, HJ Schuck, B. Stimm: Lexicon of tree and shrub species . Nikol Verlagsgesellschaft, Hamburg 2007, ISBN 3-933203-53-8 .
- Roger Phillips: The Great Cosmos Nature Guide Trees . 6th edition. Franckh Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-440-07503-6 .
- Dausien's great book of trees and shrubs . 3. Edition. Werner Dausien Verlag, Hanau 1995, ISBN 3-7684-2509-6 .
- Alan Mitchell, translated and edited by Gerd Krüssmann: The forest and park trees of Europe: An identification book for dendrologists and nature lovers . Paul Parey, Hamburg / Berlin 1975, ISBN 3-490-05918-2 .
Web links
- Entry in Plants for a Future (English)