Anaclet II

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Petrus Pierleoni (* around 1090 in Rome ; † January 25, 1138 ibid) was from 1130 until his death under the name Anaclet II. Antipope to Pope Innocent II. His name means the chosen one ( Greek - Latin ).

Life

Petrus Pierleoni came from an influential Jewish family who had converted to Christianity . After studying in Paris, he entered the Cluny Abbey as a monk . Pope Paschal II called him to Rome and appointed him cardinal deacon of Santi Cosma e Damiano around 1112 (1116 or 1106) . In 1120 Pierleoni was cardinal priest of Santa Maria in Trastevere and in 1121 papal legate in England and France .

After the death of Pope Honorius II in 1130, two popes were elected on February 14th of the same year: Innocent II was elected earlier, but only appointed by a minority, and the majority of the cardinals elected later on the same day in a tumultuous process Petrus Pierleoni, who took the name Anaclet II.

Anaclet II was initially able to assert himself in Rome and forced Innocent II to flee. In the following years he allied himself with King Roger II of Sicily , making the imperial party a permanent enemy.

King Lothar III. intervened in favor of Innocent II and led him back to Rome in 1133, but only conquered part of the papal city , St. Peter's Basilica was successfully defended by Anaclet and the Pierleoni. Nevertheless, Lothar III received. in thanks for this help from Innocent II the imperial crown , albeit in the Lateran basilica . During this time the Frangipani, as followers of Innocent II, built the Colosseum into a fortress. After Lothar's departure, which Innocent II could not induce to campaign against Roger II, Anaclet II succeeded a little later in regaining control of Rome.

The schism was not ended by the death of Anaclet, who died in 1138: his remaining followers elected Gregorio Conti as Pope, who took the name Viktor IV, but after an intervention by Bernhard von Clairvaux , he submitted to Pope Innocent II in 1138 had to.

literature

Research overview:

  • Alexander Keller: Power politics in the Middle Ages - The schism of 1130 and Lothar III. Facts and research aspects (= studies on historical research in the Middle Ages 19). Kovač, Hamburg 2003, ISBN 3-8300-1088-5 .

Further:

  • Mario da Bergamo : Osservazione sulle fonti per la duplice elezione papale del 1130. In: Aevum. 39, 1965, ISSN  0001-9593 , pp. 45-65.
  • Wilhelm Bernhardi : Lothar von Supplinburg (= yearbooks of German history [15]). Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1879 (reprint = 2nd unchanged edition. Berlin 1975, ISBN 3-428-03384-1 ).
  • Werner Maleczek : The College of Cardinals under Innocent II and Anaklet II. In: Archivum Historiae Pontificiae 19, 1981, ISSN  0066-6785 , pp. 27-78.
  • Engelbert Mühlbacher : The controversial papal election of the year 1130. Wagner, Innsbruck 1876 (reprint: Scientia-Verlag, Aalen 1966).
  • Franz-Josef Schmale : Studies on the schism of the year 1130 (= research on church legal history and canon law 3). Böhlau, Cologne a. a. 1961 (also: Würzburg, Phil. F., Hab.-Schr. 1958).
  • Richard Zoepffel: The election of the Pope and the ceremonies that are closely related to them in their development from the 11th to the 14th century. In addition to a supplement: The double election in 1130. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1871.

Fiction:

  • Gertrud von le Fort : The Pope from the Ghetto. The legend of the Pier Leone family. Novel. Transmare, Berlin 1930.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Friedrich Wilhelm Bautz:  Anaklet II. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 1, Bautz, Hamm 1975. 2nd, unchanged edition Hamm 1990, ISBN 3-88309-013-1 , Sp. 155–156.  ( Article / beginning of article in Internet archive )
  2. ↑ Pierleoni, OSBClun., Pietro. In: Salvador Miranda : The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. ( Florida International University website ), accessed May 17, 2019.
  3. ^ Rudolf Hüls: Cardinals, Clergy, Churches of Rome 1049–1130. Tübingen 1977, p. 225
  4. ^ Rudolf Hüls: Cardinals, Clergy, Churches of Rome 1049–1130. Tübingen 1977, pp. 189-191
personal data
SURNAME Anaclet II
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Pierleoni, Pietro
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Antipope to Pope Innocent II.
DATE OF BIRTH around 1090
PLACE OF BIRTH Rome
DATE OF DEATH January 25, 1138
Place of death Rome