Anania verbascalis
| Anania verbascalis | ||||||||||||
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Anania verbascalis |
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| Anania verbascalis | ||||||||||||
| ( Denis & Schiffermüller , 1775) |
Anania Verbascalis is a ( small ) butterfly from the family of Crambidae .
features
The wingspan of the moth is 22 to 26 millimeters (or the forewing length 10 to 11 millimeters). In the basic color, the wings are yellowish brown with more or less intense brownish over-dusting. The forewings have two transverse lines, the outer one with a strong central bulge, the inner transverse line, however, is only slightly curved. The return after the serrated bulge is much stronger towards the inner edge than towards the Kostal edge. A cross vein runs from the Kostalrand to the return of the outer cross line. A dark longitudinal line stretches from the wing root to a little beyond the cross vein, often bordered by a light stripe. Often there is another, very short transverse vein just a little outside the inner transverse line, which also starts from the costal edge. In some specimens, the disco-cellular spot stands out clearly brightly. The bulge of the outer transverse line can also be highlighted. In the outer field there is a slightly curved, jagged shadow line. The hemline is dark and usually very thinly lined with light. The rear wing has the same basic color as the fore wing. It has a cross line broken twice at almost right angles and a shadow line.
The caterpillar is greenish with a brownish head.
The pupa is 9.5 to 11.5 millimeters long and measures 2.7 to 3.0 millimeters in diameter. It is red-brown with a finely papillary, slightly wrinkled surface sculpture. The cremaster is relatively short and greatly expanded at the base. The broad end is rounded or obtuse angled. The medium-length bristles are concentrated in a recess at the end.
Geographical distribution and habitat
Anania verbascalis is widespread in Central Europe. In England it is restricted to the south. In Sweden it occurs up to the level of Stockholm . It also occurs locally in southern Europe, as well as in Asia Minor and the Caucasus . In the east the distribution area extends to Khakassia , Transbaikalia , the Russian Far East , Northern Japan and Korea .
The species occurs in open, dry and warm locations such as heathland, scree fields, sandy and rocky places.
Way of life
Anania verbasci forms two generations per year in Central Europe, whose moths fly from mid-April to June and July to mid-September. In the north of the distribution area only one generation is formed per year. The moths fly in June and July. They are crepuscular and nocturnal and come to artificial light sources. During the day they sit hidden in the vegetation. The caterpillars feed on the small-flowered mullein ( Verbascum thapsus ), sage germander ( Teucrium scorodonia ) and brown spice ( Scrophularia ). Breeding was also successful with noble germander ( Teucrium chamaedrys ). The caterpillar lives in a web under the leaves of the host plants. The 2nd generation caterpillars overwinter and pupate in the spring of the following year.
Systematics and taxonomy
The taxon was first scientifically described in 1775 by Michael Denis and Johann Ignaz Schiffermüller under the name Pyralis verbascalis . The holotype came from the area around Vienna. The species can usually be found in older literature under the name Anania verbascalis , which is still valid today .
supporting documents
Individual evidence
- ↑ The Moths of Suffolk
- ↑ UK moths - website of Ian Kimber
- ↑ a b Hannemann (1964: p. 352)
- ↑ Svenska fjärilar - website of the Naturhistoriska riksmuseet
- ↑ Ayuna A. Shodotova: Pyralid Moths (Lepidoptera, Pyraloidea) of Buryatia: Family Pyraustidae. Entomological Review, 88 (5): 543-557, 2008 doi : 10.1134 / S0013873808050035
- ↑ Jan Patočka: The pupae of the Central European borer (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea, Pyralidae). Subfamilies Acentropinae, Odontiinae, Evergestinae and Pyraustinae. In: Linz biological contributions. 33rd volume, issue 1, Linz 2001, pp. 347-405 ( PDF on ZOBODAT ).
- ^ Michael Denis and Johann Ignaz Schiffermüller: Systematic directory of butterflies in the Vienna region. 322 S., Bernardi, Vienna 1776 Online at GDZ - Göttinger Digitization Center (The work Announcement of a systematic work on the butterflies of the Vienna region by Michael Denis and Johann Ignaz Schiffermüller from 1775 is an identical preprint of the digitized work from 1776).
- ↑ Slamka (1997: p. 23)
- ↑ Tränkner et al. (2009: p. 63ff.)
literature
- Hans-Joachim Hannemann: Small butterflies or Microlepidoptera II. The curlers (sl) (Cochylidae and Carposinidae). The moth-like (Pyraloidea). In: Friedrich Dahl: The animal world of Germany and the adjacent parts of the sea according to their characteristics and their way of life. Part 50., VEB Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena 1964.
- Frantisek Slamka: The Common Moth (Pyraloidea) of Central Europe: Determination - Distribution - Flight area - Way of life of the caterpillars . 2nd partially revised edition, Bratislava 1997, ISBN 8-096-75402-5 .
- Andreas Tränkner, Houhun Li, Matthias Nuss: On the systematics of Anania Hübner, 1823 (Pyraloidea: Crambidae: Pyraustinae). Nota lepidopterologica. 32 (1): 63-80, 2009 ( PDF ).
