Anatoly Konstantinowitsch Lyadow

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Anatoly Konstantinowitsch Lyadow

Anatoly Konstantinovich Lyadov ( Russian Анатолий Константинович Лядов , scientific transliteration Anatoly Konstantinović Ljadov ; and Anatoly Lyadov ; born April 29, jul. / 11. May  1855 greg. In St. Petersburg ; † 15 jul. / 28. August  1914 greg. Gut Polinowka , Novgorod Governorate ) was a Russian composer .

Life

Lyadov grew up motherless. Since he showed musical talent at an early age, his father - conductor at the St. Petersburg Mariinsky Theater - gave him his first lessons before he began his studies at the St. Petersburg Conservatory in 1870 . Here he received mainly lessons from Nikolai Rimski-Korsakow , with whom he remained friends throughout his life. Although he was temporarily excluded from teaching due to indiscipline, he completed his studies very successfully in 1878 and in the same year became a lecturer in harmony at the St. Petersburg Conservatory. A year later he began to conduct the concerts of the Petersburg Amateur Music Society. In 1884 Lyadow married and became a lecturer at the newly founded Belajew music publishing house . From the following year he taught at the Petersburg court orchestra. In 1901 he also became a lecturer in counterpoint at the Conservatory, which he temporarily left in 1905 in response to Rimsky-Korsakov's dismissal. In the same year he resumed teaching and became professor of composition in 1906, which he remained until his death. Many of his students developed into well-known composers; the most famous were Sergei Prokofiev and Nikolai Myaskovsky . In addition to his work as a composer and teacher, Lyadow also emerged as a draftsman.

style

Lyadow was a member of the so-called "Second Petersburg School", a circle of composers in the succession of the " Mighty Heap " around the patron Mitrofan Belyayev , who was therefore also called " Belyayev Circle ". Accordingly, Russian folk music played a major role for him - he was active as a collector and arranger of folk songs. His piano work, which takes up the majority of his oeuvre, is seldom directly inspired by folk music, but rather ties in with Frédéric Chopin . From around the turn of the century, Lyadow was also influenced by Impressionist color schemes and Alexander Scriabin , whom he was no longer willing to follow after his fifth piano sonata. Significantly more than the majority of his piano music, his orchestral works are based on Russian folk music. As mentioned, Lyadow composed mostly piano miniatures and a few short orchestral pieces; Although he undoubtedly had great talent, a not always happy upbringing meant that he was characterized throughout his life by a certain laziness and indiscipline that made him shy away from larger, more labor-intensive projects. He wrote an opera for decades without making any significant progress; the Russian choreographer Sergei Djagilew commissioned him in 1909 to compose a ballet called The Firebird ; When Lyadov had only bought the appropriate music paper after a while, Dhiaghilev handed the order to the young Igor Stravinsky . Lyadov's compositions are captivating due to their superior mastery of the compositional craft as well as differentiated colors, which sometimes even include a tendency towards the grotesque.

Works

  • Orchestral works
    • Baba-Jaga op.56 (1891–1904)
    • Eight Russian Folk Songs Op. 58 (1905)
    • The enchanted lake op.62 (1909)
    • Kikimora op.63 (1905), cf. Kikimora
    • From the Apocalypse op. 66 (1910-13)
    • Nänie op.67 (1914)
  • Vocal music
    • Final scene from The Bride of Messina ( Schiller ) op.28 (1878)
    • Sorinka , Opera (1879–1909, unfinished)
    • Ten Russian Folk Songs for Women's Choir op.45 (1899)
    • more than 150 folk song arrangements
  • Piano music
    • Ballad in D major op.21a Von alten Zeiten (1890, 1906 arranged for orchestra as op.21b)
    • Marionettes op.29 (1892)
    • The Music Box , Scherzwalzer op.32 (1893, also for small orchestra)
    • Barcarole in F sharp major op.44 (1898)
    • numerous preludes, mazurkas, etudes and other piano pieces

Honors

Soviet postage stamp (1955) - with a portrait of Lyadov and an excerpt from the symphonic work Eight Russian Folk Songs .

In 1955, the Soviet Post issued a special stamp to mark Lyadov's 100th birthday . Since 1987 he has given its name to the Lyadow Glacier on Alexander I Island in Antarctica.

literature

  • Dorothee Eberlein: Anatolij K. Ljadov. Life - work - music conception. Guitar and Lute, Cologne (= G + L, 119), ISBN 3-88583-000-0 .

Web links

Commons : Anatoly Lyadov  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. Cf. for example Anatoly Lyadov, Complete Piano Works. Koenemann Music, Budapest.