Andhra Pradesh cyclone 1990
| Super cyclonic storm ( IMD ) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Category 4 cyclone ( SSHWS ) | |||
 |
|||
| Emergence | May 5th 1990 | ||
| resolution | May 10, 1990 | ||
|
Peak wind speed |
|
||
| Lowest air pressure | 920 hPa ( mbar ) | ||
| dead | 967 | ||
| Property damage | $ 600 million (1990) | ||
|
Affected areas |
India | ||
| Season overview: cyclone season in the North Indies 1990 |
|||
The Andhra Pradesh cyclone 1990 (IMD designation: BOB01 , JTWC designation: 02B ) was the most serious natural disaster in southern India since a storm in 1977. The tropical cyclone formed in the early morning of May 4, 1990 from a tropical one Disturbance when it moved northwest under the influence of a subtropical ridge. The next day, the system intensified into a tropical storm which, after intensifying rapidly, turned into a super cyclonic storm on May 8th. The cyclone weakened only slightly before landfall in India about 300 km north of Madras in the vicinity of Machilipatnam in the state of Andhra Pradesh with three-minute winds of 165 km / h. The cyclone has dire consequences, as 967 people were killed and more than 10,000 animals died in India as a result of the storm. The damage to agriculture were more than 600 million US dollars estimated (1990; in today's prices 1,000 million US dollars).
Storm course
In the early hours of May 3, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) discovered that a tropical fault had formed in the Bay of Bengal about 800 km east of Sri Lanka . The fault, initially moving westwards, was also observed by the India Meteorological Department (IMD) and was classified as Depression BOB 01 by the meteorologists in New Delhi the next day. A few hours later, the JTWC warned that a tropical cyclone was imminent. Under the influence of a subtropical ridge, the system moved to the northwest.
The Depression turned into a cyclonic storm on May 4th. The storm was weak at the time and reached about the strength equivalent to that of a weak tropical storm on the Saffir-Simpson hurricane wind scale .
Although the cyclone had a good outflow into the northeast trade winds , the JTWC expected the system to be moving overland within 72 hours. Therefore, the JTWC assumed that the cyclone would only barely reach hurricane strength before it would turn to the northwest with slightly less intensity due to a weakness in the subtropical ridge. However, this change in the trajectory turned out to be further north than assumed and the center of the cyclone remained afloat longer than in the forecast. The cyclone therefore intensified rapidly into a very severe cyclonic storm ( Very Severe Cyclonic Storm ), which reached wind speeds equivalent to a hurricane early on May 6th .
Over the next two days, the storm intensified and turned into a superheavy cyclonic storm on May 8, with three-minute winds of 150 mph, equivalent to a Category 4 cyclone on the Saffir-Simpson hurricane wind scale. After reaching its peak, the cyclone weakened during the day as it approached the mainland into a very severe cyclonic storm. The landfall on May 9 at 12:00 p.m. UTC occurred approximately 300 km north of Madras near Machilipatnam in the state of Andhra Pradesh. It was a very severe cyclonic storm with three-minute winds of 165 km / h. Over land, the storm steadily lost its force. The IMD reported that the system disbanded early on May 10th.
Effects and Consequences
The IMD issued timely warnings of the approaching cyclone so that the Indian government was able to evacuate the affected areas and order that the fishermen should return to shore. As a result, more than 150,000 people were taken to emergency reception centers, which were set up in higher areas to provide shelter and food for the affected people as soon as the cyclone hit land. The timely warnings and evacuation measures resulted in fewer reported deaths from the cyclone than the cyclone that struck Andhra Pradesh in 1977 .
7,000 people were left on Edurumondi Island after refusing to leave the island. The island with its main town Nachugunta felt the full force of the cyclone before it weakened overland from May 9th. However, residents survived the storm in government-provided accommodation. The cyclone had a major impact on mainland India. Storm surge levels were reported to be up to 4.9 m above normal high water levels, and more than 100 villages on the coast were flooded and destroyed as a result. At least 967 people were killed by the cyclone, in most cases from the collapse of their houses, which were largely made of mud and straw. A number of people were electrocuted from hanging power lines, and some were carried away by flooding rivers and drowned. At least 3 million people in the affected region were made homeless by the storm. More than 100,000 farm animals perished in the cyclone and at least 1,085 square kilometers of rice fields were destroyed. Large stocks of mango trees and banana trees were also badly damaged . In total, property and agricultural damage was over $ 600 million (1990; in today's prices $ 1,000 million). The cyclone has been called the worst natural disaster in South India since a cyclone in 1977. Seawater intrusion contaminated the wells for drinking water , so by the authorities before the outbreak of cholera and typhoid was warned, as many residents of this water used for drinking and cooking.
On May 11th, two days after the cyclone passed through, the Indian government launched a comprehensive rescue and relief operation. Indian Army and Navy dropped food packages and investigated the extent of the damage. However, the Indian government did not request international aid, although the Red Cross provided food, medicine and water containers to the families concerned; World Vision donated $ 160,000.
Individual evidence
- ↑ JTWC Best Track Cyclone 01B ( English ) Joint Typhoon Warning Center . December 17, 2002. Retrieved February 6, 2010.
- ↑ a b c d IMD Best track data 1990–2008 ( English , XLS; 1.1 MB) India Meteorological Department . 2009. Archived from the original on September 25, 2014. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved February 6, 2010.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Lieutenant Commander Lester E Carr III USN: JTWC Annual Tropical Cyclone Report 1990: Tropical Cyclone 02B ( English , PDF) Joint Typhoon Warning Center . 1991. Archived from the original on June 6, 2011. Retrieved on February 6, 2010.
- ↑ a b c d e India Cyclone May 1990 UNDRO Information Reports 1–3 ( English ) In: United Nations Department of Humanitarian Affairs (DHA) . ReliefWeb . May 14, 1990. Archived from the original on July 7, 2011. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved February 6, 2010.
- ↑ a b c d Earthweek: A diary of the planet ( English ) Toronto Star. May 13, 1990. Retrieved February 6, 2010.
- ^ 150,000 flee cyclone on Indian coast ( English ) San Jose Mercury News. May 9, 1990. Retrieved November 18, 2009.
- ↑ Cyclone claims 65 in India (English) , The Bulletin. May 10, 1990. Retrieved February 6, 2010.
- ^ A b Sanjoy Hazarika: Furious Cyclone has India reeling (English) , The New York Times. May 13, 1990. Retrieved February 6, 2010.
- ↑ Hazards disasters and your community: A Primer for Parliamentarians (PDF; 2.6 MB) Government of India . January 18, 2005. Archived from the original on June 19, 2009. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved February 6, 2010.
- ^ A b Cyclone Kills 450 Along Indian Coast; Damage to Crops Estimated at $ 588 million (English) , The Washington Post. May 14, 1990. Retrieved February 6, 2010.
- ^ India Stunned after Cyclone (English) , news-record.com. May 15, 1990. Retrieved February 6, 2010.
