Andreastor
Andreastor (also: Andreaspforte ) refers to three gates of the city fortification of Worms .
designation
To the west of the city there was a clerical community consecrated to St. Andrew before the year 1000 . This was moved under Bishop Burchard von Worms at the turn of the 11th century behind the city wall to the current location of the Andreasstift .
Medieval interior Andreastor
Geographical location
The medieval (inner) Andreastor was the city gate , which served as a passage for the Andreasgasse in the western inner wall ring of the city fortifications of Worms. It was located in the southern section of the western city wall.
Construction
The gate was about 34 m high. A bridge spanned the moat in front of the gate tower.
history
The oldest surviving mention of the medieval Andreastor can be found in the building regulations from the time of Bishop Thietlach at the turn of the 9th and 10th centuries. The next most recent mention is recorded in a document from 1141.
The Andreastor was considered a particularly endangered place in the defensive ring of the city because many clerics lived nearby . The relationship between church and city was often tense and the city feared that the clergy might ally themselves with an enemy lying in front of the city and open the gate for him. On a drawing by Peter Hamman, which he made of the city of Worms, which was destroyed in 1689, he shows the Andreastor as completely destroyed. When the city was rebuilt in the 17th century, the gate was probably rebuilt so that it could be used as a customs gate. From a military point of view it was now inoperable and - like many other parts of the city walls - was removed by the 19th century at the latest.
Outer Andreastor
Geographical location
The Äußere Andreastor (also: Äußere Andreaspforte ) served as a continuation of the Andreasgasse, which continued from here towards Alzey , in front of the inner wall ring and the inner Andreaspforte. It was immediately northeast of the Jewish cemetery .
Construction
The outer Andreastor had a gate tower on a square floor plan. In front of it was an early modern bastion , over which the road led at a slight angle to the southwest. The trench in front of it was spanned by a bridge, in front of which another gate was built on the field side.
In the area between these two Andreastoren there was an underground passage built in 1519 from the city moat at the inner Andreastor through the outer wall to the moat in front of the outer defense system. The corridor was 36 m long, 1.50 m high and 80 cm wide. It was excavated in 1930, the tombstones were recovered and set inside the western section of the northern wall of the cemetery. In the 1970s, traces were still visible from the western entrance of the Ganges on the slope to the Mainz – Mannheim railway line , but no longer today.
Andreastor from 1907
Geographical location
The complex that exists today and is known as the “Andreastor” is located immediately southwest of the Andreasstift and is a breakthrough through the southern section of the inner city wall for the short street “Am Andreastor”, a connection between today's Weckerlingplatz and the Hanns-Thierolf-Anlage .
history
This third Andreastor was built in 1907 under the building department and mayor Georg Metzler as a passage for the increasing traffic, almost simultaneously with the Raschitor in the inner north wall and the passage Herzogenstrasse in the inner east wall. During the construction work, the city wall in this area turned out to be so dilapidated that the section had to be completely removed and rebuilt together with the newly created gate.
Building
The gate has a large arch to drive through and a small one for pedestrians. Like the other two "modern" gates, the passage was given a historicizing shape.
In the new building, some spoils were also walled up, including a Romanesque Christ relief.
Worth knowing
During the National Socialist era , the term “Andreastor” was used for one of the four local NSDAP groups that existed at the time .
literature
- Karl Heinz Armknecht: The Worms city walls . In: Der Wormsgau 9 (1970/1971), pp. 54-65.
- Gerold Bönnen and Joachim Kemper: The spiritual Worms: Abbey, monasteries, parishes and hospitals up to the Reformation . In: Gerold Bönnen (ed.): History of the city of Worms . Theiss, Stuttgart 2005. ISBN 3-8062-1679-7 , pp. 691-734.
Remarks
- ↑ The relief was on the city side on the pillar between the street and pedestrian passage, today (2019) it is almost completely weathered and as such can hardly be recognized.
- ↑ The others were "Liebenau", "Wasserturm" and "Mainzertor".
Individual evidence
- ^ Bönnen and Joachim Kemper: Das Geistliche Worms , p. 693.
- ^ Fritz Reuter: Wehrhaftes Worms. 3. Towers, walls and battlements . In: Wormser monthly mirror from April 1982, pp. 5-8 (8).
- ↑ Armknecht: Die Worms city walls , p. 59.
- ↑ Bönnen and Kemper in Bönnen (eds.): Das Geistliche Worms , p. 693.
- ^ Armknecht: The Worms City Walls , p. 56.
- ↑ Isele: Das Wehrwesen , p. 76.
- ↑ Peter Hamman : [ View of the city of Worms after the destruction in 1689 from the north ]. Worms City Archive, Section 1B, No. 48.
- ^ Armknecht: Die Wormser Stadtmauern , p. 63; Peter Hamman : Instead of Wormbß like the same in 1631 before the Swedish ruin, the Vorstätt [...] remained . (Pen drawing). Frankfurt am Main, 1691. Worms City Archives , Section 1B, No. 48.
- ↑ Fritz Reuter: Warmasia - the Jewish Worms. From the beginning to Isidor Kiefer's Jewish Museum (1924) . In: Gerold Bönnen (ed.): History of the city of Worms . Theiss, Stuttgart 2005. ISBN 3-8062-1679-7 , pp. 664-690 (666).
- ↑ Otto Böcher : The old Jewish cemetery in Worms (= Rheinische Kunststätten . Volume 148). 7th edition. Neusser Verlag und Druckerei, Neuss 1992, ISBN 3-88094-711-2 , p. 4.
- ↑ Armknecht: Die Wormser Stadtmauern , p. 63.
- ↑ Reuter in Bönnen (ed.): The jump , p. 537.
- ↑ Olaf Wagener and Aquilante de Filippo: The Worms city wall - New findings on dating and development as well as a report on building research on the city wall in the area of the Andreasstift . In: Der Wormsgau 30 (2013), pp. 19–57 (23).
- ↑ Irene Spille: Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany . Cultural monuments in Rhineland-Palatinate. Volume 10 (City of Worms). Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft , Worms 1992, ISBN 978-3-88462-084-7 , p. 42.
- ↑ Gerold Bönnen: From the blossom into the abyss. Worms from the First to the Second World War (1914–1945) . In: Gerold Bönnen (ed.): History of the city of Worms . Theiss, Stuttgart 2005. ISBN 3-8062-1679-7 , pp. 545-606 (586).