Ring the bell
The anklingeln or rarely give a ringing tone or Switzerland, colloquially enter phone (in publications on Africa are also foreign-language terms such as beeping, flashing, or miskin bipage use) is a method of communication for phones . It makes use of a loophole in the fee system of the telephone companies , whereby a caller prompts the called party to call back or take other actions by ringing one or more rings in order to avoid the call charges . The technical aspects of ringing the bell are analogous to those of setting up a telephone call , but the connection is terminated after a short ring.
Ringing the bell using the CLIP function
The caller dials the number of the person he wants to talk to, waits for the call sign and then hangs up immediately. The called party recognizes the number and possibly the name of the caller on the display of his telephone with CLIP function. The called party can then call the caller back. In this way, the person originally called bears the cost of the call. This variant is therefore similar to collect calls . Since almost all telephones with the CLIP function save a list of the missed calls, ringing the bell can also make sense if the person called is not within range of the telephone. If the anklingeln by sending a number of value-added service happens is called a phone fraud or Pinganruf .
Ringing the bell using agreed codes
Calling costs are completely avoided with this variant of ringing. Codes are agreed upon, according to which an agreed number of ring tones can transmit either passive information (e.g. “I arrived home healthy”) or appeals (e.g. “Pick me up!”). For technical reasons , using codes and Morse code is less secure than using the CLIP function.
Ringing the bell at flat rates
With the introduction of flat rates in telephony , there is only a benefit from this behavior if the person calling does not have a flat rate.
Particular importance in developing and emerging countries
While this form of communication is widespread worldwide, regions with large income gaps , especially India and African countries, are focal points. In order to redistribute discussion costs in a socially fair way, the wealthier usually pays, if this can be clearly identified. As a result, around 40% of public telephone booths in Uganda , Botswana and Ghana are used in this way. As a countermeasure, some telephone providers in Africa are starting to offer their own services which (at a fraction of the price of a normal SMS) tell the recipient to call back.
Paid services in the event of unavailability
While services have been established in Africa that inform the called party about the callback request, since 2005 various mobile phone providers have also been charging costs for connections that have not been made . In Germany, this is done via an out-of-office notification via SMS or direct calculation of the failure to establish a connection. According to a ruling by the Ulm Local Court in July 2006, the billing of costs for announcements of unavailability is not permitted. However, the service providers did not stop this practice. The usefulness of ringing is therefore limited by such services in Germany.
Others
In the episode “When the bell rings murder” from the series Polizeiruf 110 , the ringing of the bell is an important key of the plot.
The Filipino word for ringing, "miskol" (derived from the English "missed call"), was chosen as the 2007 word of the year in the Philippines at a meeting of linguists at the University of the Philippines, Diliman.
See also
swell
- ↑ a b Phone credit low? Africans go for "beeping", http://uk.reuters.com/article/oddlyEnoughNews/idUKHEA92325720070926
- ↑ a b c Jonathan Donner (Earth Institute at Columbia University ), The rules of beeping: exchanging messages using missed calls on mobile phones in sub-Saharan Africa, http://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol13/issue1/donner.html
- ^ Gamos - Innovative demand models for telecommunications services
- ↑ Teltariff: Costs for announcements of unavailability not permitted according to Ulm District Court Az. 6 C 3000/04
- ↑ http://www.daserste.de/polruf/sendung.asp?daten=18.02.2001 ( Memento from October 18, 2003 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Villafania Alexander: "Miskol" is Filipino word of the year at conference , Philippine Daily Inquirer . August 13, 2007. Archived from the original on March 16, 2008 Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Retrieved October 3, 2007.
