Annales Fuldenses

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Carolina copy from the 11th century in the humanist library in Schlettstadt . The report on the year 855 with the earthquake in Mainz is open.

The Annales Fuldenses , the Fulda yearbooks or the Fuldaer Annalen are the most extensive annals compilation in the East Franconian Empire of the 9th century. The name comes from the 17th century, as one suspected as an important author Rudolf von Fulda and material from the Fulda monastery .

overview

The Annales Fuldenses were probably written in Mainz. There is still no consensus in research about the author or authors of the annals. Friedrich Kurz distinguished between three parts of the complete work and accepted Einhard , Rudolf von Fulda and Meginhard (a monk from Fulda) as authors. Kurz's conclusions (as well as his edition) were soon criticized, however. After evaluating the handwritten tradition, Siegfried Hellmann came to the opposite conclusion about the genesis of the work. According to Hellmann, neither Einhard, nor Rudolf, nor Meginhard was involved in the making of the annals. According to Hellmann, they are rather the work of an unknown author from Mainz. To this day, neither short nor Hellmann's positions have been able to assert themselves without reservation. In the meantime, Einhard and Meginhard are usually excluded as authors. Rudolf's participation remains controversial. Timothy Reuter emphasized that a short edition is unsatisfactory and only a thorough new edition, in which all manuscripts are included, can give more precise information about the origin and creation. A close relationship with the Archdiocese of Mainz, especially with the long-standing and influential Archbishop Liutbert and the royal court orchestra, can be assumed.

The Annales Fuldenses are available in different versions and range from 714 to 901. The first part to 829 is a compilation of older annals, above all the Reichsannalen and the Little Lorsch Franconian Chronicle . The following part of the annals up to 863 was created independently and probably mostly promptly. It is very likely that the depiction was made in Mainz and not in Fulda. The work was continued after an interruption around 870 and at the same time the years from 864 to 869 were added. There are also two other, partly different versions, in which the representation was continued. A distinction is made between the Mainz continuation (up to 887), which was created in the Liutbert environment, and a Bavarian version (882 to 901), which is often referred to as the Regensburg or Bavarian continuation .

All three versions (the first version up to 882 and the two sequels) show certain deviations from one another. The Mainz and Regensburg sequels also differ in content for the period after 882, as the tendentious but different description of the events of 887 shows. The Mainz sequel shows a hostile attitude towards King Karl III. detectable; this is due to the fact that Liutbert in 882 lost his position as Arch Chancellor to Charles Arch Chancellor Liutward von Vercelli .

The annals are a very important narrative source for East Franconian history in the 9th century. In the various reports, the focus is primarily on the actions of the respective king and less church questions (despite some miracle reports). However, it is not always clear how well informed the author or authors were, as some descriptions remain relatively vague. The reports about the numerous miracle stories, bad harvests and famines give an impression of the mentality of the people. In the event of an increase in prices caused by a bad harvest, the chronical work gave an exact grain price for the first time in the Middle Ages ( Annales Fuldenses sub anno 850). A large part of the reports come from the domain of the manor of the Mainz church. Geographically, a different focus can be seen in the Regensburg continuation, where the interest in the eastern border area of ​​Bavaria is clear. The annals were widely circulated and were subsequently used by various authors, for example Adam von Bremen (11th century), the unknown author of the Swabian Chronicle, Sigbert von Gembloux , Annalista Saxo and Marianus Scotus .

Editions and translations

  • Annales Fuldenses sive Annales regni Francorum Orientalis (MGH SS rer. Germ. 7). Edited by Friedrich Kurz. Hanover 1891; Ndr. Hanover 1978.
  • Sources on the Carolingian Empire history. Part 3: Yearbooks of Fulda, Regino: Chronicle, Notker: Acts of Karl . Arranged by Reinhold Rau. 4th edition, expanded by a supplement compared to the 3rd. Darmstadt 2002, pp. 19–177 (Latin text and German translation).
  • The Annals of Fulda . Edited and translated by Timothy Reuter . Manchester University Press, Manchester / New York 1992 (English translation with detailed commentary from the year 838).

literature

  • Wolfgang Eggert: Arnolf in the Bavarian continuation of the "Ostfränkische Reichsannalen" . In: Franz Fuchs , Peter Schmid (ed.): Kaiser Arnolf. The East Franconian Empire at the end of the 9th century . CH Beck, Munich 2002, pp. 53-67.
  • Simon MacLean: Kingship and Politics in the Late Ninth Century: Charles the Fat and the End of the Carolingian Empire . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2003, p. 24 ff.
  • Franz Staab : Classical education and regional perspective in the Mainz Reichsannalen (so-called Annales Fuldenses) as an instrument of geographical representation, the evaluation of government activity and living conditions in the Franconian Empire . In: Gli umanesimi medievali: atti del II congresso dell'Internationales Mittelateinerkommitee . Florence 1998, pp. 637-668.

Web links

Remarks

  1. ^ Friedrich Kurz: About the Annales Fuldenses . In: Neues Archiv 17, 1892, pp. 83–158 ( online ).
  2. ↑ Siegfried Hellmann: The origin and tradition of the Annales Fuldenses I . In: Neues Archiv 33, 1908, pp. 695-742 ( online ) and 34, 1909, pp. 17-66 ( online ).
  3. ^ Addendum by Sören Kaschke to Annales Fuldenses, Reginonis Chronica, Notkeri Gesta Karoli. In: Sources on the Carolingian history of the empire, part 3. Ed. By Reinhold Rau. 4th edition, expanded by a supplement compared to the 3rd. Darmstadt 2002, pp. 449–461, here p. 450.
  4. ↑ Timothy Reuter (Ed.): The Annals of Fulda . Manchester u. a. 1992, p. 7.
  5. ↑ Timothy Reuter (Ed.): The Annals of Fulda . Manchester u. a. 1992, p. 4f.
  6. ^ Addendum by Sören Kaschke to Annales Fuldenses, Reginonis Chronica, Notkeri Gesta Karoli. In: Sources on the Carolingian history of the empire, part 3. Ed. By Reinhold Rau. 4th edition, expanded by a supplement compared to the 3rd. Darmstadt 2002, pp. 449-461, here p. 449.
  7. ^ Addendum by Sören Kaschke to Annales Fuldenses, Reginonis Chronica, Notkeri Gesta Karoli. In: Sources on the Carolingian history of the empire, part 3. Ed. By Reinhold Rau. 4th edition, expanded by a supplement compared to the 3rd. Darmstadt 2002, pp. 449–461, here p. 450.
  8. ↑ Timothy Reuter gives a good overview of the difficult question of tradition and authors in: The Annals of Fulda . Manchester u. a. 1992, p. 2ff.
  9. ^ Hagen Keller : On the fall of Charles III. About the role of Liutwards von Vercelli and Liutbert von Mainz, Arnulf von Kärnten and the east Franconian greats in the deposition of the emperor . In: German Archive for Research into the Middle Ages 22, 1966, pp. 333–384, here pp. 334f.
  10. ^ Hagen Keller: On the fall of Charles III . In: German Archive for Research into the Middle Ages 22, 1966, here p. 336ff .; Simon MacLean: Kingship and Politics in the Late Ninth Century: Charles the Fat and the End of the Carolingian Empire . Cambridge 2003, pp. 25f. See also Timothy Reuter (Ed.): The Annals of Fulda . Manchester u. a. 1992, p. 92, note 8.
  11. ↑ Timothy Reuter (Ed.): The Annals of Fulda . Manchester / New York 1992, p. 10f.
  12. ↑ Cf. Franz Staab: Classical education and regional perspective in the Mainz Reichsannalen (so-called Annales Fuldenses) as an instrument of geographical representation, the evaluation of government activity and living conditions in the Franconian Empire. In: Gli umanesimi medievali: atti del II congresso dell'Internationales Mittellateinerkomitee, Florenz 1998, 637–668, here: p. 639.
  13. ^ Addendum by Sören Kaschke to Annales Fuldenses, Reginonis Chronica, Notkeri Gesta Karoli. In: Sources on the Carolingian history of the empire, part 3. Ed. By Reinhold Rau. 4th edition, expanded by a supplement compared to the 3rd. Darmstadt 2002, pp. 449-461, here p. 451.
  14. ↑ Timothy Reuter (Ed.): The Annals of Fulda . Manchester u. a. 1992, p. 11.
  15. ↑ Annales Fuldenses, Reginonis Chronica, Notkeri Gesta Karoli. In: Sources on the Carolingian history of the empire, part 3. Ed. By Reinhold Rau. 4th edition, expanded by a supplement compared to the 3rd. Darmstadt 2002, pp. 1–5, here: p. 5.