Anticipation (style)

The anticipation ( Latin anticipātiō "the anticipation") or prolepse designates in the terminology of modern (!) Stylistics "often in poetry, especially in Greek tragedy, a property that does not yet belong to the ruling noun, but rather through the Verbal act only arises ”, ie the anticipation of an event, an intention or a consequence

• in an adjectival attribute or participle , as if the event had already occurred; see. Virgil , Aeneis I, 69: submersas… obrue puppis - "Destroy the sunk hedge / ships" = "destroy the ships by sinking them"; or.
• through a noun ; then "the subject of a subordinate sentence unit is usually removed and inserted into the higher-order sentence construction as an object". . Cf. Herodotus 3,68,2: πρῶτος ὑπόπτευεν Ὀτάνης τὸν μάγον , ώς οὐκ εἴη ὁ Κύρου Σμέρδις (Otañes Protos hypópteuen clay Magon , hos ouk EIE ho Kyrou Smerdis) - "Otanes harbored be the first to suspect that the magician not Smerdis, the son of Cyrus. "

According to the terminology of ancient rhetoric, one could also speak of an anachronism .

In Greek and Latin classical literature distributed, it was recorded in modern poetry again in German literature especially by Friedrich Schiller .

Examples:

• εὔφημον, ὦ τάλαινα, κοίμησον στόμα [eúphemon, o tálaina, koímeson stóma] ( Aeschylus , Agamemnon 1247) - Unfortunate ones , bring to rest your mute mouth = bring to rest your mouth so that it is silent.
• ere human statute purg'd the gentle weal ( Shakespeare , Macbeth 3,4,75) = purged the commonwealth and thus made it gentle.
• Even the god of joy / the pitch wreath throws blindly into the burning building (Schiller, Wallenstein , Die Piccolomini) - the building is only set on fire by the pitch wreath.
• But they closed their mute mouths forever / Hecate . (Schiller, Hero and Leander) - They only fall silent when Hecate closes their mouths.
• Résolu d'accomplir ce cruel sacrifice, / J'y voulus préparer la triste Bérénice ( Jean Racine , Bérénice; German: "Determined to make this cruel sacrifice, I wanted to prepare the sad Bérénice for it.") - Bérénice is only after the Instruction from Titus to be sad.

See also

• anachronism
• Anticipation (literature)
• Hysteron Proteron (rhetorical figure)

literature

• Raphael Kühner , Bernhard Gerth : Detailed grammar of the Greek language , § 600.4. Hanover / Leipzig: Hahn 1904 (reprint Darmstadt: WBG 1962), Vol. 2, pp. 577-580.
• Eduard Schwyzer : Greek grammar ( handbook of classical studies II.1.2). Munich: CH Beck 1950, p. 181.
• Heinrich Lausberg : Elements of literary rhetoric , § 316. Munich: Hueber 1963, p. 102.
• Johann B. Hofmann , Anton Szantyr : Latin syntax and style . § 219, additions ( Handbook of Classical Studies II.2.2). Munich: CH Beck (1965) 2nd, improved. Reprint 1972, p. 413f. (There critical discussion of numerous references).
• Friedrich Blass , Albert Debrunner : Grammar of New Testament Greek , § 476. Edited by Friedrich Rehkopf . Göttingen: V&R 17th ed. 1990, p. 406f. (to the prolapse of a noun).
• Michael Backes: Art. Anticipation. In: Gert Ueding (Ed.): Historical Dictionary of Rhetoric , Vol. 1 (1992), Col. 750–753.
• Gregor Maurach : Latin poet language . Darmstadt: WBG 1995, p. 194f. (§ 196: Reversal of the temporal relationships).
• Manfred Landfester : Introduction to the stylistics of the Greek and Latin literary languages . Darmstadt: WBG 1997, p. 111f.
• Gero von Wilpert : Subject dictionary of literature (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 231). 8th, improved and enlarged edition. Kröner, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-520-23108-5 .
• Robert Plath: Art. Prolepsis . In: The New Pauly . Encyclopedia of Antiquity, Vol. 10 (2001), Col. 397.
• Maximilian Braun: Art. Prolepsis . In: Gert Ueding (Ed.): Historical Dictionary of Rhetoric , Vol. 7 (2005), Col. 196-201.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Cf. Julius Caesar Scaliger : Poetices libri septem , lib. III, 49 (Lyon 1561, reprint Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt 1964, p. 126b-127a), according to the matter already under the name praesumptio in Beda Venerabilis , De arte metrica ( Rhetores Latini minores , ed. Carolus Halm . Leipzig 1863, p . 608) and Isidor von Sevilla , Etymologiae I, 36.2 (quoted in M. Braun, Histor. Dictionary der Rhetorik 7 [2005], Sp. 198f.).
2. ↑ Manfred Landfester : Introduction to the stylistics of the Greek and Latin literary languages . Darmstadt: WBG 1997, p. 111f.
3. ↑ Quotation and the following evidence from R. Plath: Prolepsis . In: DNP 10 (2001), col. 397.
4. ↑ Proof from M. Landfester : Introduction to the stylistics of the Greek and Latin literary languages . Darmstadt: WBG 1997, p. 112.
5. ^ Phrase taken over from H. Lausberg : Elements of literary rhetoric , § 316. Munich 1963, p. 102.