Antoine-François Momoro

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Antoine-François Momoro

Antoine-François Momoro (* 1756 in Besançon ; † March 24, 1794 in Paris ) was a printer who switched to politics during the French Revolution and was one of the leading Hébertists from autumn 1793 until his arrest in March 1794 .

Life

Momoro's ancestors came from Spain , immigrated to Franche-Comté and did business there. Antoine-François Momoro left Besançon, the city of his birth, at a young age, bought a printing company in Paris and then became a successful entrepreneur. In 1789 he was one of the leaders of the Cordeliers district and in the following year one of the founders of the Cordeliers Club , whose newspaper Journal du club des Cordeliers he designed and published.

Antoine-François Momoro came to the side of Danton and Chaumette to great influence on the Théâtre-Français section, which enforced universal suffrage for the plenary assembly on July 30, 1792. This meant that the separation of voters into active and passive citizens was abolished. Passive citizens included all citizens who paid little or no taxes and were therefore not entitled to vote. Since passive citizens were now entitled to vote, this led to the political strengthening of the sans-culottes .

On August 10, 1792 Momoro took part in the Tuileries Tower . A few days later the Provisional Executive Council sent him to Normandy as commissioner , where he circulated brochures with the “Declaration of Human and Citizens' Rights”, but also his own works, and was arrested in Bernay in September 1792 for this reason . Momoro was released after a short time, he returned to Paris and was accepted into the directorate of the Seine department in October 1792 .

Momoro called there to divide the arable land of the large landowners. In contrast to the sans-culottes , however, he insisted that not everyone should have the right to purchase arable land and that the land could only be divided up according to a legal regulation. He regarded industrial property as inviolable. He also advocated social differences that the nation approves or denies because of the benefit to society. In the spring of 1793, Momoro published his work "Opinion sur la fixation du maximum du prix des grains" (opinion on the setting of maximum grain prices), in which he proposed that the land yields should be declared the property of all citizens.

In autumn 1793, Antoine-François Momoro took part in the campaign to de-Christianize . He joined the Hébertists , among whom he quickly gained influence, and with them fought the indulgent around Danton. On February 12, 1794, Hébert and Momoro led violent verbal attacks against the followers of Robespierre . This initiated their own downfall, which, after an attempt to reconcile the two Jacobin factions failed on March 7, 1794 and the uprising of the sections and the Commune of Paris, which Hébert had expected, did not take place, was demanded by the Welfare Committee . On the night of March 13-14, 1794, all of the leading Hébertists were arrested and shortly thereafter sentenced to death by the Revolutionary Tribunal.

On March 24, 1794 (4th Germinal II) Antoine-François Momoro died under the guillotine in Paris. Hébert and his followers Ronsin , Vincent , Cloots , Desfieux , Pereira , Dubuisson , the Belgian speculator Proli and the Dutch banker de Kock were also guillotined in Paris that day .

Aftermath

Momoro was the first to write the motto of the French Revolution, but the original version was: Liberté, Egalité, Indivisibilité ou la mort (freedom, equality, indivisibility or death). The well-known motto Liberté, Egalité, Fraternité ( freedom, equality, fraternity ) only asserted itself in the public consciousness since the French constitution of 1848.

literature

personal data
SURNAME Momoro, Antoine-François
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Politician during the French Revolution
DATE OF BIRTH 1756
PLACE OF BIRTH Besançon
DATE OF DEATH March 24, 1794
Place of death Paris