Aphananthe aspera

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Aphananthe aspera
Aphananthe Aspera in Toko-in Temple, Hirai-cho Toyota 2019.jpg

Aphananthe aspera

Systematics
Rosids
Eurosiden I
Order : Rose-like (rosales)
Family : Hemp plants (Cannabaceae)
Genre : Aphananthe
Type : Aphananthe aspera
Scientific name
Aphananthe aspera
( Thunb. ) Planch.
Leaves and unripe fruits

Aphananthe aspera is a tree in the hemp family from central to southern China , Taiwan , Korea , Japan and Vietnam . In Japan it is known as muku (ム ク ノ キ or 椋 木, 椋 の 木 ).

description

Aphananthe aspera grows as a deciduous tree to a height of around 25 meters. The trunk diameter reaches 50 to over 100 centimeters. The trunk is often fluted. The gray-brown to brownish bark is finely furrowed and scaly or flaky with age.

The simple, alternate and thin-leather, rough leaves are short-stalked. The short petiole is about 1 centimeter long. The pointed, egg-shaped leaves are pointed and 5–12 inches long and 3–6 inches wide. They are scaly on top and more or less hairy on the underside. The veins are threefold and raised on the underside. The stipules are small and sloping.

Aphananthe aspera is monoecious . The flowers appear axillary, the female mostly solitary and the male in small, slightly hairy cymes. The very small, stalked and mostly unisexual, 4–5-fold, yellowish-green flowers have a simple flower cover . The tepals are slightly hairy and 2–2.5 millimeters long. The male flowers have 4–5 short stamens and a tuft of hair in the center. The short hairy ovary of the female flowers is on top with two long stigma branches .

Small, up to 0.7–1.3 centimeters in size, roundish and bluish to blackish, slightly finely haired drupes with perianth and scar remnants are formed.

Taxonomy

The first description of Basionyms Prunus aspera was made in 1784 by Carl Peter Thunberg in Flora Japonica 201 and Systema Vegetabilium. Editio decima quarta 463. The division into the genus Aphananthe took place in 1873 by Jules Émile Planchon in APde Candolle, Prodr. 17: 208. Other synonyms are Celtis muku Siebold , Homoioceltis aspera (Thunb.) Blume , Aphananthe aspera var. Pubescens C.J.Chen , Sponia nudiflora Siebold & Zucc. u. a.

use

The fruits are edible.

The sheets are used for wood polishing. A fiber can be obtained from the bark , which is also used to make Japanese paper .

The wood is used for some applications.

literature

  • K. Kubitzki , Jens G. Rohwer , Volker Bittrich: The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. Vol. II: Flowering Plants Dicotyledons , Springer, 1993, ISBN 978-3-642-08141-5 (Reprint), p. 610.
  • Flora of Japan. Smithsonian Institution, 1965, p. 382, online at biodiversitylibrary.org.
  • Flora sylvatica Koreana. XIX, 1932, pp. 45 ff, t. XV, online at biodiversitylibrary.org.
  • Chinese forest flora ( Chinese   中国 森林 植物 志 , Pinyin Zhōngguó sēnlín zhíwù zhì ), 1950 (illustration), online at biodiversitylibrary.org.

Web links

Commons : Aphananthe aspera  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. online at Biblioteca Digital Real Jardín Botánico - CSIC.
  2. online at biodiversitylibrary.org.