Roll call war
The roll call war (actually "roll call war") was a conflict between Prince Georg Albrecht of East Friesland and the East Frisian estates about tax sovereignty in East Friesland . It is therefore actually to be classified as a civil war . The war is named after one of the leaders of the refusing renitents within the East Frisian estates, the administrator of the knightly estate of the East Frisian estates Heinrich Bernhard von dem Appelle , the owner of the noble estate Groß Midlum in the Krummhörn .
background
For decades there have been violent disputes between the East Frisian estates, especially the city of Emden , and the East Frisian counts and princes . Numerous processes mostly concerned tax levies, responsibilities in various questions or property claims, which were resolved with comparisons such as the Hague Settlement and the Osterhusian Accord . At the beginning of the 18th century, the differences between the “disobedient” classes, the so-called renitents, and the prince came to a head. The trigger was the Christmas flood of 1717 , which led to great damage, especially in the coastal areas. The country split on the question of financing the repairs. Both sides claimed the country's tax sovereignty and had set up separate tax coffers and levied taxes.
course
On April 28, 1724, the city of Emden requested the Emder glory Oldersum to be ready for disputes and to arm themselves. In fighting on February 2, 1726 between princely soldiers and Emden troops in Leer, the princely soldiers were victorious, the renitents were soon condemned by imperial decree . However, the conflict continued to smolder, so that on April 7, 1726, the prince again had 200 soldiers deployed to Leer, which resulted in new street fights with many dead. In April 1727 the prince brought Danish troops into the country for reinforcement. A troop of 60 men from Oldersum, who united with men from Emden and the other Emden glories and places around Emden, marched north. After a battle against the princely troops off the north at the end of April, the renitents were condemned again by the emperor and had to pay reparations. Oldersum came under compulsory administration until 1744, the castle there was occupied by imperial soldiers. In the end, the prince emerged victorious from this conflict and even the city of Emden, which was at the head of the unruly estates, submitted. The prince won a Pyrrhic victory.
Effects
The roll-call war had a decisive impact on the further history of East Frisia and the Prussians soon to come to power . However, the poor negotiating skills of Georg Albrecht's Chancellor, Enno Rudolph Brenneysen , prevented a peaceful agreement between the parties involved in the conflict. Although the chancellor and prince demanded severe punishment of the renitents, Emperor Charles VI pardoned . she 1732. When Prince Georg Albrecht died on June 11, 1734, Carl Edzard took over the office at the age of 18 as the last living descendant of Georg Albrecht. However, even he was unable to resolve the conflicts with the estates.
At this time the course was set for Prussia's takeover of power in East Frisia. The city of Emden, which was politically isolated and economically weakened after the roll-call war, played an important role here. Emden wanted to regain its position as a “corporate capital” and trading metropolis, and from 1740 it relied on Prussian help. The economic position and the existing privileges of Emden should be contractually supported, whereupon the East Frisian estates recognized the Prussian entitlement in East Frisia in return. On March 14, 1744, primarily economic arrangements were agreed upon with the conclusion of two contracts. Furthermore, Prussia relies on the right issued by Emperor Leopold I in 1694 to enfeoff the Principality of East Friesland in the event of a lack of male heirs. Despite the resistance of Braunschweig-Lüneburg , Prussia was to prevail in the effort to get East Frisia. After the death of the last ruler of the Cirksena family , Frederick the Great took over East Frisia in 1744.
literature
- Bernd Kappelhoff: Absolutist regiment or class rule? Rulers and estates in the first third of the 18th century in East Frisia. Hildesheim 1982.
Individual evidence
- ^ Tileman Dothias Wiarda : Ostfriesische Geschichte, seventh volume (Aurich 1797)
- ↑ a b Wolfgang Rüther: House building between national and economic history. The Krummhörn farmhouses from the 16th to the 20th century . Diss. Münster 1999, p. 34 online (PDF file, 297 pages; 1.8 MB).