Pleasant columbine
| Pleasant columbine | ||||||||||||
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Pleasant Columbine ( Aquilegia grata ) |
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| Aquilegia grata | ||||||||||||
| F.Malý ex Zimmeter |
The Pleasant Columbine ( Aquilegia grata ), also called Dinaric Mauve Columbine , Пријатна кандилка (Serbian), Prijatni pakujac (Croatian), is a species of the buttercup family (Ranunculaceae). The Pleasant Columbine is currently only proven from the Orjen Mountains in Montenegro. It is protected as a rare species in its home country.
description
Appearance and leaf
The Pleasant Columbine is a perennial, herbaceous plant that usually reaches heights of 15 to 30, rarely up to 45 centimeters. The upright stem growing from the middle of the loose leaf rosette is hairy , glandular-sticky, downy ( trichome ). A characteristic feature is the hairiness of the leaves and stems of the plant. Both the front and the back of the leaves are finely haired.
The leaves are hairy on both sides. The basal leaves are divided into a long petiole and petiole. The leaf blade of the basal leaves is up to 10 centimeters long and is doubly tripartite, and like the stem leaves are hairy, green on the upper side and silver on the underside. The upper stem leaves are tripartite with more linear sections; they are also thickly glandular.
Inflorescence and flower
The flowering period extends from May to June. In racemose inflorescences there are three to five, occasionally more flowers on long flower stalks. The initially slightly nodding, later upright, spurred, bell-shaped flowers are radial symmetry and five-fold with a diameter of 3 to 5 centimeters . The bloom cladding sheets are light blue to light purple and merge into reddish (red purple) when it fades. The five petal-like bracts are up to 3 inches long and up to 1.1 inches wide. The nectar leaves are up to 3 inches long; 1.4 to 2 centimeters in length, the spur is straight or slightly curved, thickened like a head at the end and dark in color and significantly longer than the leaves of the nectaries. The numerous stamens are long and extend 5 millimeters beyond the leaves of the nectaries.
The flowers can also be reddish, purple or red in color. The color of the petals at the lower end can also run from red-violet blue to white. The former variant is widespread in Orjen (Montenegro), the latter in the predominant distribution area (Eastern Bosnia, Western Serbia, Northwest Montenegro). In Aquilegia grata, the stamens clearly protrude above the petals.
The five to ten glandular hairy follicles (folliculus) per flower contain many seeds. The seeds are dark and shiny.
Chromosome number
In Aquilegia grata is diploidy before and has the chromosome number 2n = fourteenth
Occurrence and endangerment
The Pleasant Columbine is widespread in the Southeast Sub-Adriatic Dinarides in the Orjen Mountains on the western Balkan Peninsula. It is more common there, especially in the warmth-loving beech and fir forests of Bijela gora . Here the Pleasant Columbine was also found on the slopes of the Pazua in damp, coarse block heaps on the edge of fir-beech forests ( Dinaric karst-log heaps-fir forest ). It is also common locally on the humid north-facing slopes of the Bijela gora at forest edges. It occurs on the edge of hedges , on dry and semi- arid lawns and in the fringes of meadows. It thrives on moderately dry to fresh soils that are rich in nutrients and bases and prefer calcareous subsoil. The sunnier the location, the fresher the soil should be.
The Pleasant Columbine is a rare endemic species that is known only from a few locations as a paleo-endemic relic . It is under nature protection in its area of distribution.
Botanical history
The first description from the collection in 1864 by Franz de Paula Maly came from the Orjen Mountains, where it is limited to the area of the Bijela gora . In the palace garden of the Upper Belvedere , Franz Maly tended this columbine for several years and gave it the specific epithet grata , which he had not published , because he did not confirm his previous assumption that the specimens found in the Bijela gora belonged to Aquilegia kitaibelii . In 1875 Albert Zimmeter took over Maly's name and wrote the protologue of the species. Zimmeter, however, found similarities between Maly's columbine and one of the columbines found by Josif Pančić in 1864 on the Mokra Gora in western Serbia , which Pančić first mistakenly identified as Aquilegia thalictrifolia . In the Protologue to Aquilegia grata, Zimmeter thus combined the collections of columbines from the central Drina catchment area with those in the Mediterranean-toned karst mountains of the Adriatic coast. However, as Franz Maly material remained the only one that came from the type locality and to grata show essential questions Columbine from the subcontinental beech forests of Bosnia and Serbia morphological differences (u. A. The two-colored petals), remained the exact assignment of Aquilegia grata long unclear. In the meantime, the specimens that were mistakenly assigned to A. grata were hived off as Aquilegia nikolicii . The specific epithet is derived from the Latin gratus for grateful, pleasant.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Niketić, M., Cikovac, P., Stevanović, V. 2013: Taxonomic and nomenclature notes on Balkan columbines ( Aquilegia L., Ranunculaceae). In: Bulletin of the Natural History Museum Belgrade, 6: 33–42. PDF
- ^ Paul Ascherson & Paul Graebner , 1929: Synopsis of the Central European Flora . Vol. V./2, Ranales (Ranunculaceae, continued), pp. 655-656. Borntraeger, Leipzig.
- ↑ a b Ivo Trinajstić (ed.), 1973: Analitička Flora Jugoslavije . vol 2, pp. 367, Zagreb, 1973.
- ↑ Mladen Josifović (Ed.), 1970: Flora SR Srbije . Belgrade, p. 255.
- ↑ Jaakko Jalas, Juha Suominen: Atlas florae europaeae . Volume 8 (Nymphaeaceae to Ranunculaceae). , Helsinki 1989, p. 235. ISBN 951-9108-07-6
- ^ William Bertram Turrill 1935: Aquilegia grata . In: Curtis's Botanical Magazine, Tab. 9405, Kew, London.
- ↑ Čedomil Šilić, 1990: Endemične biljke . - 3rd izd. - Sarajevo: Svjetlost, 1990. - 227 p.
- ↑ Marjan Niketić 1992: A taxonomical-chorological differentiation of species Aquilegia grata F. Maly ex Zimmeter and Aquilegia ottonis Orph. ex Boiss. (Ranunculaceae) . Glasnik Prirodnjackog Muzaja u Beogradu, vol. 47. pp 53-66, Belgrade (1992).
literature
- Marjan Niketić, Pavle Cikovac, Vladimir Stevanović 2013: Taxonomic and nomenclature notes on Balkan columbines ( Aquilegia L., Ranunculaceae). In: Bulletin of the Natural History Museum Belgrade, 6: 33–42. PDF
- Marjan Niketić 1992: A taxonomical-chorological differentiation of species Aquilegia grata F. Maly ex Zimmeter and Aquilegia ottonis Orph. ex Boiss. (Ranunculaceae) . Glasnik Prirodnjačkog Muzeja u Beogradu, Vol. 47., 53–66, Belgrade.
- Albert Zimmeter , 1875: Relationships and geographical distribution of the species of the genus Aquilegia native to Europe . Annual report of the kuk Staats- Ober-Realschule Steyr. Vol. 5, Steyr.