Proof of work
In the 19th and early 20th centuries, proof of employment was used to describe commercial and non-commercial employment agencies .
history
19th century
With the advancement of industrialization in Germany and the associated first great recession , unemployment gradually emerged as an economic problem. From 1880, in competition with commercial and non-commercial recruitment agencies, associations and municipalities also set up recruitment offices (proof of employment) that operated impartially and mostly free of charge. An empire-wide congress of the Free German Hochstift in Frankfurt in 1893 on the social situation of the unemployed was influential . There the suggestion was made to create municipal employment agencies that would receive reports of vacant jobs and make them available to job seekers. Stuttgart and Karlsruhe were pioneers, and the Munich Central Employment Record, founded in 1895, was considered particularly progressive . In order to be able to mediate effectively and supra-regionally (interlocally), these proofs of work soon merged in state associations; the first was the Association of Badischer Arbeitsverweis, founded in 1896 . In Württemberg , on January 1, 1896, the government set up a state headquarters at the Stuttgart employment office as a compensation office between the public employment records. In 1915 there was finally a closed network with 21 regional associations for the whole of the Reich. At conferences, experiences were exchanged and people advocated uniform working methods, especially with regard to statistics.
The Verband Deutscher Arbeitsverweise ( VDA ), founded in 1898, supported these developments and, through its chairman Richard Freund , was able to significantly influence the politics of the Reich government.
20th century
In spite of various advances, no labor law was passed until the beginning of the First World War in 1914 . Therefore there was no institution that could have organized a nationwide labor market equalization. The Reich Central Office for Employment Records, founded in August 1914, and the publication of a labor market gazette (a vacancy list published twice a week) did not bring any real progress. Even after the Federal Council Ordinance of June 14, 1916, only Bavaria implemented the authorization to oblige larger cities to set up public employment records.
It was not until December 1916 that the Patriotic Aid Service , which was decided upon, led to a centrally controlled and multi-level system. Now the War Office took over the entire job placement in each army corps district . The practical implementation was incumbent on the 'central information centers', which were often linked to the work record associations through the personal union of the chairmen. The non-commercial employment certificates were mainly used for direct job placement. The one most suitable in the district, usually the public one, was designated as the 'auxiliary service registration office'. The other proof of work had to report all unfinished applications to this office. If she did not succeed in a district equalization either, she passed the reports on to the central information office and, if necessary, via the war office to the Imperial Statistical Office for publication in the labor market gazette .
Even during the war, all those responsible recognized the need to expand the work record system beyond demobilization . In particular, the VDA repeatedly called for public employment records to be created in all municipalities and for the employment record associations to be set up as 'public corporations' called state labor offices. There were also innovations at the Reich level: on October 4, 1918, a Reich Labor Office was set up to deal with the “social-political affairs of the Reich” . On November 23, 1918, the Reich Office for Economic Demobilization took over the management of all labor records from the previous War Office .
The "Order on Work Records" of December 9, 1918 left the decision of the states to oblige the municipalities to draw up work records; most of them soon implemented this authorization by ordinance. The established 'state or provincial offices for job placement' replaced the previous central information centers and the state associations for job records. Their tasks were above all: stimulating the expansion of employment services in the municipalities, labor market monitoring and labor market statistics , exchange of experience with and between the individual employment records, training of the staff of the public employment records, balancing of job supply and labor demand between the employment records, if necessary direct placement work for certain professions.
The Reichsamt für Arbeitsvermittlung ( Reichsamt für Arbeitsvermittlung ), which was attached to the Reichsarbeitsministerium (RAM) as a special department in January 1920, was hived off as an independent higher Reich authority by decree of May 5, 1920 and placed under the supervision of the RAM. Section 2 of the ordinance already mentioned the later core tasks of the Reichsanstalt für Arbeitsvermittlung and unemployment insurance . Friedrich Syrup became President of the Reich Office .
On June 15, 1921, the VDA decided to dissolve it; its goals were achieved in essential areas.
The Labor Evidence Act of July 22, 1922 then introduced the uniform designation 'State Office for Employment Services '. The offices were set up as state authorities 'for states, provinces and other larger districts'. Their statutory tasks were ' to observe the labor market and to promote the balance of supply and demand between the individual job records'. Other tasks, in particular career advice and apprenticeship placement, could also be included. The Reich Employment Agency retained its central functions, but was given the name Reich Labor Administration .
With the law on job placement and unemployment insurance of July 16, 1927 , the 20 state offices were integrated into the Reichsanstalt as state labor offices and reduced to 13 through amalgamations. The central authority was now called 'Hauptstelle'.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Christine Rädlinger : 100 Years of the Munich Employment Office 1895–1995 . Employment Office Munich, 1995, page 18
literature
- Hundred years of state social policy 1839–1939: from the estate of Friedrich Syrup / ed. by Julius Scheuble. Arranged by Otto Neuloh. Stuttgart, 1957.
- Maier, Dieter G .: Beginnings and breaks in the labor administration up to 1952: at the same time a little-known chapter in German-Jewish history . Brühl / Rhineland: Federal University of Applied Sciences for Public Administration, 2004. (Series / Federal University of Applied Sciences for Public Administration; 43). ISBN 3-930732-93-9 .
- Nürnberger, Jürgen / Maier, Dieter G .: President, Reich Minister of Labor, State Secretary: Dr. Friedrich Syrup ; President of the Reich Institute for Job Placement and Unemployment Insurance; Life, work, personal bibliography . Ludwigshafen, 2nd, essential exp. Ed., 2007. (Shaper of labor market policy: bibliography and biography; Volume 1). ISBN 978-3-929153-81-1 . (1st edition 2006 ISBN 3-929153-80-7 ).