Archaeological site of Gwanbuk-ri

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Korean spelling
Korean alphabet : 관북리
Revised Romanization : Gwanbuk-ri
McCune-Reischauer : Kwanpukri

The archaeological site of Gwanbuk-ri ( Korean : 관북리 ) used to be the royal palace from the Sabi period of the Baekje Kingdom ( 백제 ), located in the southwest of the Korean Peninsula , now part of South Korea .

The site was listed as a Culturally Significant Site of National Significance in South Korea in February 2001 with registration number 428. Together with the Busosanseong Fortress , the excavation site was added to the list of World Heritage Sites by UNESCO on July 4, 2015 under the title: " Baekje Historic Areas " .

geography

Map from 1872 with the palace in the middle and Mount Busosan ( 부소산 ) with the fortress above.

The archaeological site of Gwanbuk-ri is located on the northern edge of the city center of Buyeo ( 부여 ) at the foot of the 106  m high Mount Busosan ( 부소산 ). Coming from the northeast, the Geumgang River ( 금강 ) passes the north side of the mountain and surrounds the city with a semicircular course to the west, before moving on to the south. Together with the Busosanseong Fortress, the UNESCO-protected area of ​​the archaeological site of Gwanbuk-ri covers an area of ​​60.6  hectares , with the protection zone around the two areas being another 69.66 hectares. The royal palace was facing the city on the south side of the small mountain.

history

In 538 AD, King Seong ( 성왕 ) (523–554) moved the capital of the Baekje Kingdom from Ungjin ( 웅진 ) to Sabi ( 사비 ), today's Buyeo. Due to the constant attacks and threats from the kingdom of Goguryeo ( 고구려 ) from the north, the seat of government in the Gongsanseong fortress was no longer safe enough for him. As a result, the palace was built at the foot of Mount Busosan in Sabi, with the mountain, fortress and river as protection to the north. The mountain not only housed the fortress, but was also used as a park for the palace in times of peace and as a defensive structure only in emergencies.

The palace and the fortress existed for 122 years until a lost war against Silla , who at the time had allied themselves with the Chinese Tang dynasty , led to the collapse of the Baekje kingdom in 660 AD.

Archaeological research

The first archaeological investigations began in 1980 and after more than 30 years of archaeological work, most of the royal palace was uncovered. The ramparts of the fortress, which had a length of 2495 m and were between 5 and 6 m wide at the base and had a height of up to 3 m, were explored between 1993 and 1994. A total of 15 archaeological excavations were carried out in the area of ​​the fortress between 1980 and 2002 and 14 excavations between 1980 and 2012 in the area of ​​the former palace.

literature

  • Republic of Korea (Ed.): Nomination of Baekje Historic Areas . For Inscription on the World Heritage List . Seoul 2015, ISBN 978-89-299-0345-9 (English, online [PDF; 323.0 MB ; accessed on October 12, 2015]).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Nomination of Baekje Historic Areas . Seoul 2015, p.  134 .
  2. ↑ Gwanbuk-ri relics and the Busosanseong fortress in Buyeo [UNESCO World Heritage] (관북리 유적 과 부소산 성 [유네스코 세계 문화 유산]). In: Visit Korea . Korea Tourism Organization , accessed October 12, 2015 .
  3. ↑ Nomination of Baekje Historic Areas . Seoul 2015, p.  38 .
  4. ↑ a b Nomination of Baekje Historic Areas . Seoul 2015, p.  54 .
  5. ↑ Nomination of Baekje Historic Areas . Seoul 2015, p.  13 .
  6. ↑ a b Nomination of Baekje Historic Areas . Seoul 2015, p.  58 .
  7. ↑ Busosanseong ( Mountain Fortress ) Buyeo. In: 1-2-3 Korea. Ralf Schymura, May 31, 2015, accessed on October 12, 2015 (blog with numerous photos of the fortress and additional information).
  8. ↑ Nomination of Baekje Historic Areas . Seoul 2015, p.  140 .

Coordinates: 36 ° 17 ′ 5 ″  N , 126 ° 54 ′ 47 ″  E