Busosanseong Fortress

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Korean spelling
Korean alphabet : 부소산 성
Revised Romanization : Busosanseong
McCune-Reischauer : Pusosansŏng
Entrance building to the fortress area

The Busosanseong Fortress ( Korean : 부소산 성 ) is a fortress with a royal palace from the Sabi period of the Baekje Kingdom ( 백제 ), located in the southwest of the Korean Peninsula , which is now part of South Korea .

The fortress was placed under monument protection in January 1963 as the 5th culturally significant place of national importance in South Korea, the archaeological site of Gwanbuk-ri followed in February 2001 with the registration number 428. Both were on July 4, 2015 by UNESCO under the title : " Baekje Historic Areas " added to the World Heritage List .

geography

Map from 1872 with the palace in the middle and Mount Busosan ( 부소산 ) with the fortress above.

The Busosanseong Fortress is located on the northern edge of the city center of Buyeo ( 부여 ) on the up to 106  m high Busosan Mountain ( 부소산 ). Coming from the northeast, the Geumgang River ( 금강 ) passes the north side of the mountain and surrounds the city with a semicircular course to the west, before moving on to the south. Together with the archaeological site of Gwanbuk-ri , the UNESCO-protected area of ​​the Busosanseong Fortress covers an area of ​​60.6  hectares , with the protection zone around the two areas being an additional 69.66 hectares. The Royal Palace was on the south side of the small mountain facing the city.

history

In 538 AD, King Seong ( 성왕 ) (523–554) moved the capital of the Baekje Kingdom from Ungjin ( 웅진 ) to Sabi ( 사비 ), today's Buyeo. Due to the constant attacks and threats from the kingdom of Goguryeo ( 고구려 ) from the north, the seat of government in the Gongsanseong fortress was no longer safe enough for him. As a result, the palace was built at the foot of Mount Busosan in Sabi, with the mountain, fortress and river as protection to the north. The mountain not only housed the fortress, but was also used as a park for the palace in times of peace and as a defensive structure only in emergencies.

The fortress and the palace survived 122 years until the fall of the Kingdom of Baekje in 660 AD due to the lost war against Silla , who at the time had allied themselves with the Chinese Tang dynasty and together brought Baekje down.

Archaeological research

The first archaeological investigations began in 1980 and after more than 30 years of archaeological work, most of the royal palace was uncovered. The ramparts of the fortress, which had a length of 2495 m and were between 5 and 6 m wide at the base and had a height of up to 3 m, were explored between 1993 and 1994. A total of 15 archaeological excavations were carried out in the area of ​​the fortress between 1980 and 2002 and 14 excavations between 1980 and 2012 in the area of ​​the former palace.

literature

  • Republic of Korea (Ed.): Nomination of Baekje Historic Areas . For Inscription on the World Heritage List . Seoul 2015, ISBN 978-89-299-0345-9 (English, online [PDF; 323.0 MB ; accessed on September 23, 2015]).

Web links

Commons : Busosanseong  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Nomination of Baekje Historic Areas . Seoul 2015, p.  134 .
  2. ↑ Korea: Baekjes historical sites listed as UNESCO World Heritage. In: Visit Korea . Korea Tourism Organization , accessed September 16, 2015 .
  3. ↑ Nomination of Baekje Historic Areas . Seoul 2015, p.  38 .
  4. ↑ a b Nomination of Baekje Historic Areas . Seoul 2015, p.  54 .
  5. ↑ Nomination of Baekje Historic Areas . Seoul 2015, p.  13 .
  6. ↑ a b Nomination of Baekje Historic Areas . Seoul 2015, p.  58 .
  7. ↑ Busosanseong ( Mountain Fortress ) Buyeo. In: 1-2-3 Korea. Ralf Schymura, May 31, 2015, accessed on September 23, 2015 (blog with numerous photos of the fortress and additional information).
  8. ↑ Nomination of Baekje Historic Areas . Seoul 2015, p.  140 .

Coordinates: 36 ° 17 ′ 24 ″  N , 126 ° 54 ′ 57 ″  E