Ariogaisos

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Ariogaisos (in Latin Ariogaesus ; Germanic Ariogais ) was in the early Roman Empire , a ruler of the Quaden in their empire in the Middle Danube region . Elected king in 173, he led the Quads in the decisive battle against Marc Aurel's Roman troops, who lost the Quads to the so-called rain miracle . Delivered to the emperor, Ariogaisus was banished to Alexandria in Egypt .

Reign and end

Roman counter-offensive under Marc Aurel
Shown is the event of the so-called "rain miracle in the area of ​​the Quads", in which a god saves the Roman troops in response to a prayer of the emperor.

During the Marcomannic Wars , the Romans pushed the Quads and the rest of the attackers out of their territory and went on the counter-offensive. Marc Aurel himself led this punitive expedition against the Quads. His troops crossed the Danube at Brigetio near the mouth of the Waag and at the mouth of the Itava. The traces and remains of the Roman military camps discovered in Iža , Radvaň nad Dunajom and Mužla bear witness to this. The Roman troops penetrated through the river valleys into the interior of (present-day) Slovakia, but there they encountered the resistance Quadi.

The emperor concluded a peace treaty with the Quadi in 171, thereby canceling their alliance with the Marcomanni and Sarmatians for some time. The quads were obliged to release the prisoners and to deliver horses and cattle to Rome and were given a client king named Furtius by Rome . However, soon afterwards - in 173 - the Quads deposed Furtius, who was friendly to Rome, and selected Ariogaisus from their own ranks as king over the Quadrant on the central Danube. The existence of a "royal layer" at this time is archaeologically proven with the royal grave of Mušov discovered in South Moravia .

Rain miracle : A fabulous event took place at the beginning of the expedition. In the decisive battle of the Quads against Marcus Aurelius's troops, a sudden heavy rain - the so-called rain miracle - confused the Quadian army units and the Romans surprisingly achieved victory. Dio Cassius reports on the event that Werner Jobst dated June 11, 172. It is depicted on the St. Mark's Column in Rome. From the first book of Marc Aurel's “ Self- Contemplations”, “Im Quadenland am Gran”, it emerges that the emperor set up camp in the Grantal (in today's Slovakia) during this punitive expedition . The first phase of the war against the Quadi ended in 174 in favor of the Romans. The Quaden delivered Ariogaisos to the emperor in the same year. The Quad king was exiled by this to Alexandria in Egypt, so his trace is lost.

Nomenclature

The linguistic form of the two-part personal name offers several possible interpretations. The first link can be seen as identical to a corresponding Gallic personal name element Ario - / Areo - and seems to be related to an Old Irish aire "a noble, a chief, a freeman, a free peasant".

In Roman and Roman times, the Germanic initial h could evidently be reproduced as a fricative, but could also remain unmarked. This statement leads to a different approach: the first link Ario- is equated with Hario - / Haria - which resembled a Gothic harjis "army". In the form of Harigēr , this name has often been attested in Old High German times for around the 8th century and is also documented in Anglo-Saxon.

The second member of the name - gaisos also has Celtic and Germanic equivalents in the appellative vocabulary: for example the Germanic * gaisaz for “Ger”, the Celto-Latin gaesum (= telum Galliarum tenerum ) or Old Irish gae , “spear”. In Celtic, however, the word only occurs in short names.

Remarks

  1. ^ A b c d Heinrich Beck , Reinhard Wenskus :  Ariogaisos. In: Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde (RGA). 2nd Edition. Volume 1, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1973, ISBN 3-11-004489-7 , pp. 406-407. (accessed via GAO at De Gruyter Online).
  2. ↑ Cf. Claus-Michael Hüssen ; Ján Rajtár : On the question of archaeological evidence of the Marcomann Wars in Slovakia . In: Herwig Friesinger et al. (Ed.): Markomannenkriege - Causes and Effects . 1994, pp. 217-232; see. Ján Rajtár: Kríza rímsko-germánskych vzťahov v stredodunajskej oblasti v 2nd stor . Nitra 1998 (unprinted dissertation).
  3. ↑ a b c d Cf. Titus Kolnik:  Quaden. In: Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde (RGA). 2nd Edition. Volume 23, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2003, ISBN 3-11-017535-5 , pp. 631-640. (accessed via GAO at De Gruyter Online).
  4. ^ Cassius Dio 71, 13, 3.
  5. ↑ Cf. Jaroslav Peška: "Royal Crypt" by Mušov . In: Jaroslav Peška (ed.): The royal tomb of Mušov. Teutons and Romans north of the central Danube in the first two centuries AD . Mikulov 1991, pp. 28-45; see. Jaroslav Tejral: The problems of Roman-Germanic relations taking into account the new research results in the Lower Austrian-South Moravian Thaya river area . In: Report of the Roman-Germanic Commission 73, 1992, pp. 37–475.
  6. ↑ Cf. Werner Jobst: June 11, 172 AD. The day of the lightning and rain miracle in Quadenlande . (= Meeting reports. Austrian Academy of Sciences. Philosophical-Historical Class 335). Vienna 1978.
  7. ^ Cassius Dio 71, 8, 10.
  8. ↑ Cf. scene 16 on the St. Mark's column; See Catia Caprino and others: La colonna di Marco Aurelio . Rome 1955; see. Willem Zwikker: Studies on the St. Mark's Column . Amsterdam 1941.
  9. ^ Cassius Dio 71, 14.
  10. ↑ See D. Ellis Evans: Gaulish Personal Names. A Study of Some Continental Celtic Formations . Clarendon Press, Oxford 1967, p. 141.

literature

personal data
SURNAME Ariogaisos
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Ariogaesus (Latin); Ariogais (Germanic)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Ruler of the Quads
DATE OF BIRTH 2nd century
DATE OF DEATH 2nd century